{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T14:10:03Z","timestamp":1785247803805,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,1]],"date-time":"2016-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480550400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31570175"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31570175"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31400126"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31400126"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81371130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81371130"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81670981"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81670981"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:named-content>often survives as a biofilm on the tooth surface and contributes to the development of dental caries. We investigated the efficacy of ClyR, an engineered chimeolysin, against<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">S. mutans<\/jats:named-content>biofilms under physiological and cariogenic conditions. Susceptibility tests showed that ClyR was active against all clinical<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">S. mutans<\/jats:named-content>isolates tested as well as<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">S. mutans<\/jats:named-content>biofilms that displayed resistance to penicillin. The<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">S. mutans<\/jats:named-content>biofilms that formed on hydroxyapatite discs under physiological sugar conditions and cariogenic conditions were reduced \u223c2 logs and 3 logs after treatment with 100 \u03bcg\/ml ClyR, respectively. In comparison, only a 1-log reduction was observed in the chlorhexidine gluconate (ChX)-treated group, and no killing effect was observed in the NaF-treated group. A mouse dental colonization model showed that repeated use of ClyR for 3 weeks (5 \u03bcg\/day) reduced the number of colonized<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">S. mutans<\/jats:named-content>cells in the dental plaques significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.05) and had no harmful effects on the mice. Furthermore, toxicity was not noted at concentrations exceeding those used for the<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>studies, and ClyR-specific antibodies could not be detected in mouse saliva after repeated use of ClyR in the oral cavity. Our data collectively demonstrate that ClyR is active against<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">S. mutans<\/jats:named-content>biofilms both<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>, thus representing a preventative or therapeutic agent for use against dental caries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01872-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,11]],"date-time":"2016-10-11T17:04:42Z","timestamp":1476205482000},"page":"7436-7443","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Antibiofilm Activities of a Novel Chimeolysin against Streptococcus mutans under Physiological and Cariogenic Conditions"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Hang","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongli","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) &amp; Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoran","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengyue","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara B.","family":"Linden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunpeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) &amp; 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