{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T15:20:33Z","timestamp":1791645633504,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780444800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Antimicrobial central venous catheters (CVCs) help prevent CVC-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI), and their effectiveness depends on sustaining broad antimicrobial activity in serum. A new CVC containing minocycline, rifampin, and chlorhexidine (MRC) was recently approved, complementing existing minocycline-rifampin (MR) and chlorhexidine-silver-sulfadiazine (CSiSz) CVCs. This study compared the elution profiles of minocycline, rifampin, and chlorhexidine from these three CVC types in serum and assessed resulting antimicrobial durability against CRBSI pathogens. MRCs were prepared by impregnation with minocycline and rifampin, followed by sequential chlorhexidine coating; commercial MR and CSiSz CVCs served as comparators. CVCs were immersed in plasma for 24 h, and then in serum for 3 weeks. At baseline and weekly intervals, CVC segments were analyzed for antimicrobial content and challenged with clinical CRBSI isolates. MRC retained higher minocycline and rifampin levels than MR and higher chlorhexidine levels than CSiSz after 3 weeks in serum. Correspondingly, MRC demonstrated superior inhibition of gram-negative colonization (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      at week 3 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2264 0.028). They also showed greater activity against\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      species (spp.) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. glabrata<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) at weeks 2 and 3 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2264 0.005). MR and MRC CVCs completely prevented methicillin-resistant\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. epidermidis<\/jats:italic>\n                      colonization for 3 weeks, outperforming CSiSz (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.003). In conclusion, slow elution from MRC CVCs resulted in significantly enhanced antimicrobial durability against gram-negative bacteria,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. MR and MRC CVCs provided equivalent, sustained protection against\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcal<\/jats:italic>\n                      colonization, both surpassing CSiSz CVCs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01920-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T18:31:31Z","timestamp":1776709891000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Antimicrobial elution patterns correlate with antibacterial and antifungal activities of three antimicrobial central venous catheters in serum"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1918-1369","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Issam I.","family":"Raad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04twxam07","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center","place":["Houston, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9758-3377","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Y-Lan","family":"Truong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04twxam07","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center","place":["Houston, 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Retrieved 12 Mar 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199901073400101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-143-8-200510180-00007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000031160"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCC.0000000000001082"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2023.05.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0234966"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2213296"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2019.06.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.05836-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01959-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02596-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa262"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0251010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2018.75"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_16_102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2727.72159"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0127534"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(23)00692-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318206c1ca"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000221"}],"container-title":["Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/aac.01920-25","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/aac.01920-25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T13:02:45Z","timestamp":1781787765000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/aac.01920-25"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Andreas H.","family":"Groll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/aac.01920-25"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.01920-25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0066-4804","1098-6596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0066-4804","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-6596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e01920-25"}}