{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T20:49:01Z","timestamp":1791838141009,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]],"date-time":"2013-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1364774400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The mechanism of quinolone resistance in\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Mycoplasma genitalium<\/jats:named-content>\n            remains poorly understood due to difficulties with\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            culture, especially of clinical isolates. In this study, to confirm the association between mutations in topoisomerases and antimicrobial susceptibilities to quinolones, ciprofloxacin-resistant mutant strains were selected using the cultivable type strain ATCC 33530. Sequence analysis revealed that the mutant strains harbored mutations in topoisomerase IV: Gly81Cys in ParC, Pro261Thr in ParC, or Asn466Lys in ParE. The MICs of all quinolones tested against the mutant strains were 2- to 16-fold higher than those against the wild-type strain. No cross-resistance was observed with macrolides or tetracyclines. We determined the inhibitory activities of quinolones against DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV in order to investigate the correlation between antimicrobial susceptibility and inhibitory activity against the target enzymes, considered the primary targets of quinolones. Furthermore, using enzymatic analysis, we confirmed that Gly81Cys in the ParC quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) contributed to quinolone resistance. This is the first study to isolate quinolone-resistant mutant strains of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">M. genitalium<\/jats:named-content>\n            harboring substitutions in the\n            <jats:italic>parC<\/jats:italic>\n            or\n            <jats:italic>parE<\/jats:italic>\n            gene\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            and to measure the inhibitory activities against the purified topoisomerases of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">M. genitalium<\/jats:named-content>\n            .\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01956-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,29]],"date-time":"2013-01-29T02:24:16Z","timestamp":1359426256000},"page":"1772-1776","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Contribution of Topoisomerase IV Mutation to Quinolone Resistance in Mycoplasma genitalium"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Yuko","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan"},{"name":"Discovery Research Laboratories, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tochigi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaya","family":"Takei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discovery Research Laboratories, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tochigi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryuta","family":"Kishii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discovery Research Laboratories, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tochigi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitsuru","family":"Yasuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Deguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(81)92461-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)65268-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2004.00923.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00006-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir702"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/ijsa.2009.009143"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2010","volume":"59","author":"Workowski KA","year":"2010","unstructured":"WorkowskiKA BermanS. 2010. 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