{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T12:08:09Z","timestamp":1791547689880,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,1]],"date-time":"2013-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362096000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Plasmodium vivax<\/jats:named-content>\n            malaria, though benign, has now become a matter of concern due to recent reports of life-threatening severity and development of parasite resistance to different antimalarial drugs. The magnitude of the problem is still undetermined. The present study was undertaken to determine the\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            efficacy of chloroquine (CQ) and chloroquine plus primaquine in\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">P. vivax<\/jats:named-content>\n            malaria in Kolkata and polymorphisms in the\n            <jats:italic>pvmdr1<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>pvcrt-o<\/jats:italic>\n            genes. A total of 250 patients with\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">P. vivax<\/jats:named-content>\n            monoinfection were recruited and randomized into two groups, A and B; treated with chloroquine and chloroquine plus primaquine, respectively; and followed up for 42 days according to the WHO protocol of 2009. Data were analyzed using per-protocol analyses. We assessed polymorphisms of the\n            <jats:italic>pvmdr1 and pvcrt-o<\/jats:italic>\n            genes by a DNA-sequencing method. Out of the 250 patients recruited, 204 completed a 42-day follow-up period, 101 in group A and 103 in group B. In group A, the non-PCR-corrected efficacy of CQ was 99% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.944 to 1.00), and in group B, all cases were classified as adequate clinical and parasitological response (ACPR). Day 3 positivity was observed in 11 (5.3%) cases. No specific mutation pattern was recorded in the\n            <jats:italic>pvcrt-o<\/jats:italic>\n            gene. Eight nonsynonymous mutations were found in the\n            <jats:italic>pvmdr1<\/jats:italic>\n            gene, three of which were new. The Y976F mutation was not detected in any isolate. Chloroquine, either alone or in combination with primaquine, is still effective against\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">P. vivax<\/jats:named-content>\n            malaria in the study area. (The study protocol was registered in CTRI [Clinical Trial Registry-India] of the Indian council of Medical Research under registration no. CTRI\/2011\/09\/002031.)\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.02050-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,22]],"date-time":"2012-12-22T07:48:00Z","timestamp":1356162480000},"page":"1246-1251","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["<i>In Vivo<\/i>\n            Therapeutic Efficacy of Chloroquine Alone or in Combination with Primaquine against Vivax Malaria in Kolkata, West Bengal, India, and Polymorphism in\n            <i>pvmdr1<\/i>\n            and\n            <i>pvcrt-o<\/i>\n            Genes"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Swagata","family":"Ganguly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pabitra","family":"Saha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subhasish K.","family":"Guha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonali","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dilip K.","family":"Bera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asit","family":"Biswas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Family Welfare, Government of West Bengal, Swasthya Bhawan, Salt Lake City, Kolkata, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pratip K.","family":"Kundu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bibhuti","family":"Saha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krishnangshu","family":"Ray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ardhendu K.","family":"Maji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2001.64.97"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.77.79"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(04)01043-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","unstructured":"UK Aid Department for International Development. 31 December 2010. 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