{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T10:51:42Z","timestamp":1788519102016,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]],"date-time":"2013-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1364774400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Onychomycosis is a common fungal nail infection in adults that is difficult to treat. The\n in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n antifungal activity of efinaconazole, a novel triazole antifungal, was evaluated in recent clinical isolates of\n Trichophyton rubrum<\/jats:named-content>\n ,\n Trichophyton mentagrophytes<\/jats:named-content>\n , and\n Candida albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n , common causative onychomycosis pathogens. In a comprehensive survey of 1,493 isolates, efinaconazole MICs against\n T. rubrum<\/jats:named-content>\n and\n T. mentagrophytes<\/jats:named-content>\n ranged from \u22640.002 to 0.06 \u03bcg\/ml, with 90% of isolates inhibited (MIC\n 90<\/jats:sub>\n ) at 0.008 and 0.015 \u03bcg\/ml, respectively. Efinaconazole MICs against 105\n C. albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n isolates ranged from \u22640.0005 to >0.25 \u03bcg\/ml, with 50% of isolates inhibited (MIC\n 50<\/jats:sub>\n ) by 0.001 and 0.004 \u03bcg\/ml at 24 and 48 h, respectively. Efinaconazole potency against these organisms was similar to or greater than those of antifungal drugs currently used in onychomycosis, including amorolfine, ciclopirox, itraconazole, and terbinafine. In 13\n T. rubrum<\/jats:named-content>\n toenail isolates from onychomycosis patients who were treated daily with topical efinaconazole for 48 weeks, there were no apparent increases in susceptibility, suggesting low potential for dermatophytes to develop resistance to efinaconazole. The activity of efinaconazole was further evaluated in another 8 dermatophyte, 15 nondermatophyte, and 10 yeast species (a total of 109 isolates from research repositories). Efinaconazole was active against\n Trichophyton<\/jats:named-content>\n ,\n Microsporum<\/jats:named-content>\n ,\n Epidermophyton<\/jats:named-content>\n ,\n Acremonium<\/jats:named-content>\n ,\n Fusarium<\/jats:named-content>\n ,\n Paecilomyces<\/jats:named-content>\n ,\n Pseudallescheria<\/jats:named-content>\n ,\n Scopulariopsis<\/jats:named-content>\n ,\n Aspergillus<\/jats:named-content>\n ,\n Cryptococcus<\/jats:named-content>\n ,\n Trichosporon<\/jats:named-content>\n , and\n Candida<\/jats:named-content>\n and compared favorably to other antifungal drugs. In conclusion, efinaconazole is a potent antifungal with a broad spectrum of activity that may have clinical applications in onychomycosis and other mycoses.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.02056-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,15]],"date-time":"2013-01-15T04:53:42Z","timestamp":1358225622000},"page":"1610-1616","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":113,"title":["Comparison of\n In Vitro<\/i>\n Antifungal Activities of Efinaconazole and Currently Available Antifungal Agents against a Variety of Pathogenic Fungi Associated with Onychomycosis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"William J.","family":"Jo Siu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dow Pharmaceutical Sciences, a Division of Valeant Pharmaceuticals North America LLC, Petaluma, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiyuki","family":"Tatsumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaken Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Kyoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisato","family":"Senda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaken Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Kyoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radhakrishnan","family":"Pillai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dow Pharmaceutical Sciences, a Division of Valeant Pharmaceuticals North America LLC, Petaluma, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaken Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Kyoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Sone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaken Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Kyoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Fothergill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200001010-00002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2000.104794"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.149.s65.4.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(03)02117-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2000.107754"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0255-0857(21)01924-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000246184"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1995.tb02942.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","first-page":"319","article-title":"Onychomycoses caused by non-dermatophytic filamentous fungi in Cadiz","volume":"18","author":"Garcia-Martos P","year":"2000","unstructured":"Garcia-MartosP DominguezI MarinP LinaresM MiraJ CalapJ. 2000. Onychomycoses caused by non-dermatophytic filamentous fungi in Cadiz. Enferm. Infecc. Microbiol. Clin. 18:319\u2013324.","journal-title":"Enferm. Infecc. Microbiol. 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Efficacy, safety and tolerability of topical terbinafine nail solution in patients with mild-to-moderate toenail onychomycosis: results from three randomized studies using double-blind vehicle-controlled and open-label active-controlled designs. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol. [Epub ahead of print.] doi:10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2011.04373.x.","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","article-title":"Efinaconazole 10% solution in the treatment of toenail onychomycosis: two phase III multicenter, randomized, double-blind studies","author":"Elewski BE","year":"2012","unstructured":"ElewskiBE RichP PollakR PariserDM WatanabeS SendaH IedaC SmithK PillaiR RamakrishnaT OlinJT. 2012. Efinaconazole 10% solution in the treatment of toenail onychomycosis: two phase III multicenter, randomized, double-blind studies. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. [Epub ahead of print.] doi:10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.10.013.","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. 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