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With our\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            broiler chicken infection study, we investigated the transfer and experimental microevolution of the\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>NDM-1<\/jats:sub>\n            -carrying IncA\/C\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            plasmid (pRH-1238) introduced by avian native\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Salmonella enterica<\/jats:named-content>\n            subsp.\n            <jats:italic>enterica<\/jats:italic>\n            serovar Corvallis without inducing antibiotic selection pressure. We evaluated the dependency of the time point of inoculation on donor (\n            <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n            . Corvallis [12-SA01738]) and plasmid-free\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Salmonella<\/jats:named-content>\n            recipient [\n            <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n            -tartrate-fermenting (\n            <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n            -Ta\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            )\n            <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n            . Paratyphi B (13-SA01617), referred to here as\n            <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n            . Paratyphi B (\n            <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n            -Ta\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            )] excretion by quantifying their excretion dynamics. Using plasmid profiling by S1 nuclease-restricted pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, we gained insight into the variability of the native plasmid content among\n            <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n            . Corvallis reisolates as well as plasmid acquisition in\n            <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n            . Paratyphi B (\n            <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n            -Ta\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            ) and the enterobacterial gut microflora. Whole-genome sequencing enabled us to gain an in-depth insight into the microevolution of plasmid pRH-1238 in\n            <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n            . Corvallis and enterobacterial recipient isolates. Our study revealed that the fecal excretion of avian native carbapenemase-producing\n            <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n            . Corvallis is significantly higher than that of\n            <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n            . Paratyphi (\n            <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n            -Ta\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            ) and is not hampered by\n            <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n            . Paratyphi (\n            <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n            -Ta\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            ). Acquisition of pRH-1238 in other\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:named-content>\n            and several events of plasmid pRH-1238 transfer to different\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            sequence types and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n            demonstrated an interspecies broad host range. Regardless of the microevolutionary structural deletions in pRH-1238, the single carbapenem resistance marker\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>NDM-1<\/jats:sub>\n            was maintained on pRH-1238 throughout the trial. Furthermore, we showed the importance of the gut\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            population as a vector of pRH-1238. In a potential scenario of the introduction of NDM-1-producing\n            <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n            . Corvallis into a broiler flock, the pRH-1238 plasmid could persist and spread to a broad host range even in the absence of antibiotic pressure.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.02128-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,5]],"date-time":"2018-02-05T10:04:38Z","timestamp":1517825078000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["<i>In Vivo<\/i>\n            Transfer and Microevolution of Avian Native IncA\/C\n            <sub>2<\/sub>\n            <i>bla<\/i>\n            <sub>NDM-1<\/sub>\n            -Carrying Plasmid pRH-1238 during a Broiler Chicken Infection Study"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Sead","family":"Hadziabdic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department for Biological Safety, Berlin, 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