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Although GAG mimetics, such as sulfated oligo- and polysaccharides, exhibit potent antiviral activities in cultured cells, the prophylactic application of these inhibitors as vaginal microbicides failed to protect women upon their exposure to HIV. A possible explanation for this failure is that sulfated oligo- and polysaccharides exhibit no typical virucidal activity, as their interaction with viral particles is largely electrostatic and reversible and thereby vulnerable to competition with GAG-binding proteins of the genital tract. Here we report that the cholestanol-conjugated sulfated oligosaccharide PG545, but not several other sulfated oligosaccharides lacking this modification, exhibited virucidal activity manifested as disruption of the lipid envelope of HSV-2 particles. The significance of the virus particle-disrupting activity of PG545 was also demonstrated in experimental animals, as this compound, in contrast to unmodified sulfated oligosaccharide, protected mice against genital infection with HSV-2. Thus, PG545 offers a novel prophylaxis option against infections caused by GAG-binding viruses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.02132-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,8]],"date-time":"2015-12-08T15:05:43Z","timestamp":1449587143000},"page":"1049-1057","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["The Cholestanol-Conjugated Sulfated Oligosaccharide PG545 Disrupts the Lipid Envelope of Herpes Simplex Virus Particles"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Joanna S.","family":"Said","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, G\u00f6teborg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Trybala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, G\u00f6teborg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Staffan","family":"G\u00f6rander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, G\u00f6teborg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Ekblad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, G\u00f6teborg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan-\u00c5ke","family":"Liljeqvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, G\u00f6teborg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Jennische","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, G\u00f6teborg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Lange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, G\u00f6teborg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomas","family":"Bergstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, G\u00f6teborg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.63.1.52-58.1989"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s007050050156"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.22.10508-10513.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.19.9187-9200.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.03689-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.65.3.1090-1098.1991"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-75-6-1211"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","first-page":"171","article-title":"Heparin and related polyionic substances as virus inhibitors","volume":"171","author":"Vaheri A","year":"1964","unstructured":"Vaheri A. 1964. 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