{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T17:49:26Z","timestamp":1790704166083,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,1]],"date-time":"2013-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1359676800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            is implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Rifaximin, a nonabsorbable derivative of rifampin effective against\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            , improves symptoms in mild-to-moderate IBD. However, rifaximin resistance can develop in a single step\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            . We examined the prevalence and mechanisms of rifaximin resistance in 62 strains of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolated from the ileal mucosa of 50 patients (19 with ileal Crohn's disease [L1+L3], 6 with colonic Crohn's disease [L2], 13 with ulcerative colitis [UC], 4 with symptomatic non-IBD diagnoses [NI], and 8 healthy [H]). Resistance (MIC &gt; 1,024 mg\/liter) was present in 12\/48 IBD-associated ileal\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            strains. Resistance correlated with prior rifaximin treatment (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.00000001) but not with the presence of ileal inflammation (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.73) or\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            phylogroup. Mutations in a 1,057-bp region of\n            <jats:italic>rpoB<\/jats:italic>\n            , which encodes the bacterial target of rifaximin, were identified in 10\/12 resistant strains versus 0\/50 sensitive strains (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.000000001) and consisted of seven amino acid substitutions. The efflux pump inhibitor Phe-Arg-\u03b2-naphthylamide (PA\u03b2N) lowered the MIC of 9\/12 resistant strains 8- to 128-fold. Resistance was stable in the absence of rifaximin in 10\/12 resistant strains after 30 passages. We conclude that IBD-associated ileal\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            frequently manifest resistance to rifaximin that correlates with prior rifaximin use, amino acid substitutions in\n            <jats:italic>rpoB<\/jats:italic>\n            , and activity of PA\u03b2N-inhibitable efflux pumps, but not with the presence of ileal inflammation or\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            phylogroup. These findings have significant implications for treatment trials targeting IBD-associated\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            .\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.02163-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,27]],"date-time":"2012-11-27T06:27:56Z","timestamp":1353997676000},"page":"811-817","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Rifaximin Resistance in Escherichia coli Associated with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Correlates with Prior Rifaximin Use, Mutations in\n            <i>rpoB<\/i>\n            , and Activity of Phe-Arg-\u03b2-Naphthylamide-Inhibitable Efflux Pumps"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Vishesh","family":"Kothary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen J.","family":"Scherl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jill Roberts Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Bosworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jill Roberts Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi-Dong","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herbert L.","family":"DuPont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josee","family":"Harel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth W.","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Belgin","family":"Dogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","article-title":"Multidrug resistance is common in Escherichia coli associated with ileal Crohn's disease","author":"Dogan B","year":"2012","unstructured":"DoganB ScherlE BosworthB YantissR AltierC McDonoughPL JiangZD DupontHL GarneauP HarelJ RishniwM SimpsonKW. 16 April 2012. 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