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Our search for novel antichlamydial metabolites from marine-derived microorganisms led to the isolation of pyocyanin, a small compound from<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:named-content>. Pyocyanin is an effective antichlamydial for all three<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Chlamydia<\/jats:named-content>spp. tested. It has a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>) of 0.019 to 0.028 \u03bcM, which is comparable to the IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>of tetracycline. At concentrations as low as 0.0039 \u03bcM, pyocyanin disables infectivity of the chlamydial elementary body (EB). At 0.5 \u03bcM or higher concentrations, the continuous presence of pyocyanin also inhibits chlamydial growth in the inclusion during later stages of the developmental cycle. Oxidative stress, a major known antimicrobial mechanism of pyocyanin, appears to be responsible only for the inhibition of bacterial growth and not for the disinfection of EBs. Pyocyanin is well-tolerated by probiotic vaginal<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Lactobacillus<\/jats:named-content>spp. Our findings suggest that pyocyanin is of therapeutic value for chlamydial infections and can serve as a valuable chemical probe for studying chlamydial biology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.02260-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,2]],"date-time":"2018-04-02T10:11:45Z","timestamp":1522663905000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Pyocyanin Inhibits Chlamydia Infection by Disabling Infectivity of the Elementary Body and Disrupting Intracellular Growth"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Jian Lin","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ningjing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, The First People\u2019s Hospital of Yanchen, Yanchen, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dandan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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