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It is well accepted that drug resistance in\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">M. tuberculosis<\/jats:named-content>\n                    is driven by the acquisition of chromosomal mutations in genes encoding drug targets\/promoter regions; however, a comprehensive description of the molecular mechanisms that fuel drug resistance in the clinical setting is currently lacking. In this context, there is a growing body of evidence suggesting that active extrusion of drugs from the cell is critical for drug tolerance.\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">M. tuberculosis<\/jats:named-content>\n                    encodes representatives of a diverse range of multidrug transporters, many of which are dependent on the proton motive force (PMF) or the availability of ATP. This suggests that energy metabolism and ATP production through the PMF, which is established by the electron transport chain (ETC), are critical in determining the drug susceptibility of\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">M. tuberculosis<\/jats:named-content>\n                    . In this review, we detail advances in the study of the mycobacterial ETC and highlight drugs that target various components of the ETC. We provide an overview of some of the efflux pumps present in\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">M. tuberculosis<\/jats:named-content>\n                    and their association, if any, with drug transport and concomitant effects on drug resistance. The implications of inhibiting drug extrusion, through the use of efflux pump inhibitors, are also discussed.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.02293-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,10]],"date-time":"2014-03-10T23:54:04Z","timestamp":1394495644000},"page":"2491-2503","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":145,"title":["Energy Metabolism and Drug Efflux in Mycobacterium tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Philippa A.","family":"Black","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"DST\/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research\/MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin M.","family":"Warren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DST\/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research\/MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gail E.","family":"Louw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DST\/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research\/MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul D.","family":"van Helden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DST\/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research\/MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas C.","family":"Victor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DST\/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research\/MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bavesh D.","family":"Kana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DST\/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"},{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"WHO. 2013. 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