{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T04:17:43Z","timestamp":1783397863470,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]],"date-time":"2017-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491004800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Nephrotoxicity is the primary adverse effect of the polymyxins. The relative rates of toxicity of polymyxin B and colistin have not been fully elucidated, especially in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). A retrospective cohort study of adults treated with polymyxin B or colistin for at least 48 h was conducted. The primary endpoint was the incidence of kidney injury assessed by RIFLE (i.e.,\n            <jats:underline>r<\/jats:underline>\n            isk,\n            <jats:underline>i<\/jats:underline>\n            njury,\n            <jats:underline>f<\/jats:underline>\n            ailure,\n            <jats:underline>l<\/jats:underline>\n            oss,\n            <jats:underline>e<\/jats:underline>\n            nd-stage renal disease) criteria. Risk factors for kidney injury were evaluated using multivariate Cox regression. A total of 414 patients were evaluated, 220 of whom had CF. In patients without CF, there was no difference in kidney injury with polymyxin B and colistin (42.9% versus 50.3%,\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.46). Loop diuretic exposure was a risk factor for kidney injury (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16 to 2.83) in this population. In patients with CF, polymyxin B and colistin were associated with similar rates of kidney injury (34.5% versus 29.8%,\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.77). Diabetes (aHR, 2.68; 95% CI, 1.01 to 7.11), loop diuretics (aHR, 3.02; 95% CI, 1.36 to 6.73), and progressive care unit admission (aHR, 8.21; 95% CI, 2.55 to 26.46) were risk factors for kidney injury, while higher baseline serum creatinine levels (per 1 mg\/dl) were protective (aHR, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.48). Total unadjusted kidney injury in polymyxin-treated patients was less frequent in those who had CF (30.5% versus 48.5%,\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.001). Polymyxin B and colistin are associated with a high incidence of kidney injury; cystic fibrosis may be protective against polymyxin nephrotoxicity, but further investigation is needed to confirm this conjecture.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.02329-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,7]],"date-time":"2017-02-07T01:50:11Z","timestamp":1486432211000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Nephrotoxicity in Patients with or without Cystic Fibrosis Treated with Polymyxin B Compared to Colistin"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Ryan L.","family":"Crass","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Services, UK HealthCare, Lexington, Kentucky, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. Cliff","family":"Rutter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Services, UK HealthCare, Lexington, Kentucky, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, Kentucky, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donna R.","family":"Burgess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Services, UK HealthCare, Lexington, Kentucky, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, Kentucky, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig A.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Services, UK HealthCare, Lexington, Kentucky, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, Kentucky, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David S.","family":"Burgess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, Kentucky, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/595011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit152"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.30.12.1279"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01733-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.06426-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00554-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01361-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit334"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2009.07.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit453"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2013.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02476-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00912700122010537"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkg468"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rigatto\nMH\nOliveiraMSPerdigao-NetoLVLevinASCarrilhoCMTanitaMTTuonFFCardosoDELopesNTFalciDRZavasckiAP. 8February2016. Renal failure in patients treated with colistin versus polymyxin B: a multicenter prospective cohort study. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. doi:10.1128\/AAC.02634-15.","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02634-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ964"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00280-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ717"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr483"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.03.421"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis286"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc2872"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.31.7.658"}],"container-title":["Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.02329-16","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.02329-16","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T20:51:00Z","timestamp":1645476660000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AAC.02329-16"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AAC.02329-16"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.02329-16","relation":{},"ISSN":["0066-4804","1098-6596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0066-4804","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-6596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-11-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-01-24","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-03-24","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e02329-16"}}