{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T03:34:41Z","timestamp":1790998481995,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]],"date-time":"2014-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1398902400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Superficial mycoses caused by\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Trichophyton rubrum<\/jats:named-content>\n            are among the most common infections worldwide.\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">T. rubrum<\/jats:named-content>\n            infections are difficult to treat and are often associated with recurrences after interruption of the antifungal therapy. Nevertheless, reports on\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">T. rubrum<\/jats:named-content>\n            resistance to commonly used antifungal drugs are rare. In this study, we compared the\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            resistance frequencies and development of resistance to terbinafine, itraconazole, amorolfine, and ciclopirox in\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">T. rubrum<\/jats:named-content>\n            . Results demonstrated that naturally occurring mutants were isolated at a frequency of 10\n            <jats:sup>\u22127<\/jats:sup>\n            for itraconazole and 10\n            <jats:sup>\u22129<\/jats:sup>\n            for terbinafine and amorolfine. To mimic conditions of body sites in which low drug levels are reached during therapy,\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">T. rubrum<\/jats:named-content>\n            was propagated for 10 transfers in media containing subinhibitory drug concentrations. Resistance to itraconazole, terbinafine, and amorolfine emerged at a higher frequency than was seen with spontaneous mutation. Itraconazole-resistant mutants also showed decreased susceptibility to amorolfine as well as to terbinafine, and amorolfine-resistant mutants were also less susceptible to terbinafine. No mutant resistant to ciclopirox was isolated, suggesting no propensity of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">T. rubrum<\/jats:named-content>\n            to develop resistance to this drug. How different drug mechanisms of action can influence the onset of resistance is discussed.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.02382-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,11]],"date-time":"2014-03-11T03:54:04Z","timestamp":1394510044000},"page":"2825-2829","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Potential of Ergosterol Synthesis Inhibitors To Cause Resistance or Cross-Resistance in Trichophyton rubrum"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Emilia","family":"Ghelardi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Celandroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sokhna Aissatou","family":"Gueye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Salvetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Senesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Bulgheroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Department, Polichem S.A., Lugano, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Mailland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Department, Polichem S.A., Lugano, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"207","article-title":"Epidemiology of dermatophytoses: retrospective analysis from 2005 to 2010 and comparison with previous data from 1975","volume":"35","author":"Vena GA","year":"2012","unstructured":"VenaGAChiecoPPosaFGarofaloABoscoACassanoN. 2012. Epidemiology of dermatophytoses: retrospective analysis from 2005 to 2010 and comparison with previous data from 1975. 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