{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T04:49:01Z","timestamp":1790225341649,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]],"date-time":"2014-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1401580800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Doxycycline has been proposed for the treatment of malnourished children in developing countries, and its use has been associated with weight gain in healthy volunteers. No previous studies have assessed abnormal weight gain as a putative side effect of long-term doxycycline treatment; thus, the objective of the present study was to characterize this phenomenon. We also analyzed the role of the gut microbiota in this effect. We assessed changes in the body mass index in Q fever endocarditis patients treated with doxycycline and hydroxychloroquine and healthy individuals with no antibiotic treatment. Abnormal weight gain was defined as a gain in weight above that of the controls. The fecal samples were examined using molecular assays for\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Methanobrevibacter smithii<\/jats:named-content>\n            ,\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Bacteroidetes<\/jats:named-content>\n            ,\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Firmicutes<\/jats:named-content>\n            ,\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            ,\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Lactobacillus<\/jats:named-content>\n            ,\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Lactobacillus reuteri<\/jats:named-content>\n            , and total bacterial concentrations. We examined 82 patients, including 48 patients with Q fever endocarditis and 34 controls. Approximately 23% of the treated patients showed abnormal weight gain (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.001). Patients treated with doxycycline and hydroxychloroquine presented significantly lower concentrations of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Bacteroidetes<\/jats:named-content>\n            (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.002),\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Firmicutes<\/jats:named-content>\n            (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.01), and\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Lactobacillus<\/jats:named-content>\n            (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.02). The linear regression analysis revealed that the duration of treatment was significantly associated with a decrease in\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Bacteroidetes<\/jats:named-content>\n            (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.0001),\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Firmicutes<\/jats:named-content>\n            (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.002), and total bacteria (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.00001). Abnormal weight gain is a side effect of long-term doxycycline and hydroxychloroquine treatment. Gut microbiota modifications at the phylum level could play an instrumental role in this effect. We highlight the need for specific nutritional care in patients undergoing long-term antibiotic treatment, particularly treatment involving the use of doxycycline.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.02437-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]],"date-time":"2014-04-01T04:54:28Z","timestamp":1396328068000},"page":"3342-3347","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["Abnormal Weight Gain and Gut Microbiota Modifications Are Side Effects of Long-Term Doxycycline and Hydroxychloroquine Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Emmanouil","family":"Angelakis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine et de Pharmacie, CNRS UMR 7278, IRD 198, Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthieu","family":"Million","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine et de Pharmacie, CNRS UMR 7278, IRD 198, Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sallah","family":"Kankoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 912 SESSTIM, INSERM\/IRD\/Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Marseille Cedex, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Christophe","family":"Lagier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine et de Pharmacie, CNRS UMR 7278, IRD 198, Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, Marseille, 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