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Unfortunately,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">P. vivax<\/jats:named-content>\n            resistance surveillance and drug discovery are challenging due to the low parasitemias of patient isolates and poor parasite survival through\n            <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            maturation that reduce the sensitivity and scalability of current\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">P. vivax<\/jats:named-content>\n            antimalarial assays. Using cryopreserved patient isolates from Brazil and fresh patient isolates from India, we established a robust enrichment method for\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">P. vivax<\/jats:named-content>\n            parasites. We next performed a medium screen for formulations that enhance\n            <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            survival. Finally, we optimized an isotopic metabolic labeling assay for measuring\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">P. vivax<\/jats:named-content>\n            maturation and its sensitivity to antimalarials. A KCl Percoll density gradient enrichment method increased parasitemias from small-volume\n            <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates by an average of &gt;40-fold. The use of Iscove's modified Dulbecco's medium for\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">P. vivax ex vivo<\/jats:named-content>\n            culture approximately doubled the parasite survival through maturation. Coupling these with [\n            <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n            H]hypoxanthine metabolic labeling permitted sensitive and robust measurements of parasite maturation, which was used to measure the sensitivities of Brazilian\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">P. vivax<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolates to chloroquine and several novel antimalarials. These techniques can be applied to rapidly and robustly assess the\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">P. vivax<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolate sensitivities to antimalarials for resistance surveillance and drug discovery.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.02519-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,27]],"date-time":"2018-01-27T11:29:34Z","timestamp":1517052574000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Enhanced Ex Vivo Plasmodium vivax Intraerythrocytic Enrichment and Maturation for Rapid and Sensitive Parasite Growth Assays"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8208-2817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel W.","family":"Rangel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha A.","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Usheer","family":"Kanjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caeul","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Shaw-Saliba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Jos\u00e9","family":"Menezes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anjali","family":"Mascarenhas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Goa Medical College and Hospital, Bambolim, Goa, India"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Chery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edwin","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Goa Medical College and Hospital, Bambolim, Goa, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pradipsinh K.","family":"Rathod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo U.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manoj T.","family":"Duraisingh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. 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