{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T20:41:40Z","timestamp":1791578500974,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]],"date-time":"2018-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525132800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Dermatophytosis, the commonest superficial fungal infection, has gained recent attention due to its change of epidemiology and treatment failures. Despite the availability of several agents effective against dermatophytes, the incidences of chronic infection, reinfection, and treatment failures are on the rise.\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Trichophyton rubrum<\/jats:named-content>\n            and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Trichophyton interdigitale<\/jats:named-content>\n            are the two species most frequently identified among clinical isolates in India. Consecutive patients (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 195) with suspected dermatophytosis during the second half of 2014 were included in this study. Patients were categorized into relapse and new cases according to standard definitions. Antifungal susceptibility testing of the isolated\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Trichophyton<\/jats:named-content>\n            species (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 127) was carried out with 12 antifungal agents: fluconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, sertaconazole, clotrimazole, terbinafine, naftifine, amorolfine, ciclopirox olamine, griseofulvin, and luliconazole. The squalene epoxidase gene was evaluated for mutation (if any) in 15\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">T. interdigitale<\/jats:named-content>\n            and 5\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">T. rubrum<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolates exhibiting high MICs for terbinafine. A T1189C mutation was observed in four\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">T. interdigitale<\/jats:named-content>\n            and two\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">T. rubrum<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolates. This transition leads to the change of phenylalanine to leucine in the 397th position of the squalene epoxidase enzyme. In homology modeling the mutant residue was smaller than the wild type and positioned in the dominant site of squalene epoxidase during drug interaction, which may lead to a failure to block the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway by the antifungal drug.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.02522-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,12]],"date-time":"2018-03-12T12:35:08Z","timestamp":1520858108000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":240,"title":["Mutation in the Squalene Epoxidase Gene of Trichophyton interdigitale and Trichophyton rubrum Associated with Allylamine Resistance"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9097-9253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shivaprakash M.","family":"Rudramurthy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shamanth A.","family":"Shankarnarayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunil","family":"Dogra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Leprosy, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dipika","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khurram","family":"Mushtaq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIR Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raees A.","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tarun","family":"Narang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Leprosy, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arunaloke","family":"Chakrabarti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/157828"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.8.2.240"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5178.178100"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000074118"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.1.82-86.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.7.2840-2844.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2007.02480.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01600-05"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.1999.tb00024.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","first-page":"238","article-title":"A clinico-mycological evaluation of onychomycosis","volume":"66","author":"Vinod S","year":"2000","unstructured":"Vinod S, Grover S, Dash K, Singh G. 2000. A clinico-mycological evaluation of onychomycosis. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 66:238\u2013240.","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18203\/issn.2455-4529.IntJResDermatol20172212"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.131392"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2727.163135"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","first-page":"281","article-title":"Profile of dermatophyte infections in Baroda","volume":"69","author":"Singh S","year":"2003","unstructured":"Singh S, Beena PM. 2003. Profile of dermatophyte infections in Baroda. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 69:281\u2013283.","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.131391"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijdvl.IJDVL_519_16"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7547\/14-109"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-013-9655-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","unstructured":"Reference deleted."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.40.2.443"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1992.tb00001.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00115-17"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00187-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.9.3530-3535.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.12.3890-3900.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ci100403b"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Rook's textbook of dermatology","author":"Hay RJ","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hay RJ, Ashbee HR. 2010. Mycology, p 1\u201393. InRook's textbook of dermatology. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, United Kingdom."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.023002-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","volume-title":"CLSI document M38-A2","author":"CLSI","year":"2008","unstructured":"CLSI. 2008. Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi; approved standard. CLSI document M38-A2. CLSI, Wayne, PA."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","first-page":"537","article-title":"In-vitro activity of 10 antifungal agents against 320 dermatophyte strains using microdilution method in Tehran","volume":"12","author":"Adimi P","year":"2013","unstructured":"Adimi P, Hashemi SJ, Mahmoudi M, Mirhendi H, Shidfar MR, Emmami M, Rezaei-Matehkolaei A, Gramishoar M, Kordbacheh P. 2013. In-vitro activity of 10 antifungal agents against 320 dermatophyte strains using microdilution method in Tehran. Iran J Pharm Res 12:537\u2013545.","journal-title":"Iran J Pharm Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2011.10.024"}],"container-title":["Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.02522-17","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.02522-17","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T21:13:53Z","timestamp":1645478033000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AAC.02522-17"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AAC.02522-17"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.02522-17","relation":{},"ISSN":["0066-4804","1098-6596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0066-4804","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-6596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-12-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-02-25","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-04-26","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e02522-17"}}