{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:21:47Z","timestamp":1790727707544,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,1]],"date-time":"2013-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1370044800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Methicillin-resistant\n Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n (MRSA) and\n Streptococcus pyogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n (group A streptococcus [GrAS]) cause serious and sometimes fatal human diseases. They are among the many Gram-positive pathogens for which resistance to leading antibiotics has emerged. As a result, alternative therapies need to be developed to combat these pathogens. We have identified a novel bacteriophage lysin (PlySs2), derived from a\n Streptococcus suis<\/jats:named-content>\n phage, with broad lytic activity against MRSA, vancomycin-intermediate\n S. aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n (VISA),\n Streptococcus suis<\/jats:named-content>\n ,\n Listeria<\/jats:named-content>\n ,\n Staphylococcus simulans<\/jats:named-content>\n ,\n Staphylococcus epidermidis<\/jats:named-content>\n ,\n Streptococcus equi<\/jats:named-content>\n ,\n Streptococcus agalactiae<\/jats:named-content>\n (group B streptococcus [GBS]),\n S. pyogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n ,\n Streptococcus sanguinis<\/jats:named-content>\n , group G streptococci (GGS), group E streptococci (GES), and\n Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n . PlySs2 has an N-terminal cysteine-histidine aminopeptidase (CHAP) catalytic domain and a C-terminal SH3b binding domain. It is stable at 50\u00b0C for 30 min, 37\u00b0C for >24 h, 4\u00b0C for 15 days, and \u221280\u00b0C for >7 months; it maintained full activity after 10 freeze-thaw cycles. PlySs2 at 128 \u03bcg\/ml\n in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n reduced MRSA and\n S. pyogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n growth by 5 logs and 3 logs within 1 h, respectively, and exhibited a MIC of 16 \u03bcg\/ml for MRSA. A single, 2-mg dose of PlySs2 protected 92% (22\/24) of the mice in a bacteremia model of mixed MRSA and\n S. pyogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n infection. Serially increasing exposure of MRSA and\n S. pyogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n to PlySs2 or mupirocin resulted in no observed resistance to PlySs2 and resistance to mupirocin. To date, no other lysin has shown such notable broad lytic activity, stability, and efficacy against multiple, leading, human bacterial pathogens; as such, PlySs2 has all the characteristics to be an effective therapeutic.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.02526-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,9]],"date-time":"2013-04-09T21:21:41Z","timestamp":1365542501000},"page":"2743-2750","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":206,"title":["Novel Bacteriophage Lysin with Broad Lytic Activity Protects against Mixed Infection by Streptococcus pyogenes and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Daniel B.","family":"Gilmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan E.","family":"Schmitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chad W.","family":"Euler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent A.","family":"Fischetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70267-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.1.110"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","first-page":"458","article-title":"Impetigo contagiosa; the association of certain types of Staphylococcus aureus and of Streptococcus pyogenes with superficial skin infections","volume":"53","author":"Parker MT","year":"1955","unstructured":"ParkerMT TomlinsonAJ WilliamsRE. 1955. Impetigo contagiosa; the association of certain types of Staphylococcus aureus and of Streptococcus pyogenes with superficial skin infections. J. Hyg. (Lond.) 53:458\u2013473.","journal-title":"J. Hyg. (Lond.)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(03)00576-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","first-page":"679","article-title":"Nasal reservoir as the source of extranasal staphylococci","volume":"161","author":"White A","year":"1963","unstructured":"WhiteA SmithJ. 1963. Nasal reservoir as the source of extranasal staphylococci. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 161:679\u2013683.","journal-title":"Antimicrob. 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