{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T06:37:56Z","timestamp":1789627076180,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,1]],"date-time":"2017-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1493596800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002428","name":"Austrian Science Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KLI459-B30"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KLI459-B30"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Lung infections with multiresistant pathogens are a major problem among patients suffering from cystic fibrosis (CF).\n            <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n            -Chlorotaurine (NCT), a microbicidal active chlorine compound with no development of resistance, is well tolerated upon inhalation. The aim of this study was to investigate the\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            bactericidal and fungicidal activity of NCT in artificial sputum medium (ASM), which mimics the composition of CF mucus. The medium was inoculated with bacteria (\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n            , including some methicillin-resistant\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n            [MRSA] strains,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:named-content>\n            , and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            ) or spores of fungi (\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Aspergillus fumigatus<\/jats:named-content>\n            ,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Aspergillus terreus<\/jats:named-content>\n            ,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Candida albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n            ,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Scedosporium apiospermum<\/jats:named-content>\n            ,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Scedosporium boydii<\/jats:named-content>\n            ,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Lomentospora prolificans<\/jats:named-content>\n            ,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Scedosporium aurantiacum<\/jats:named-content>\n            ,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Scedosporium minutisporum<\/jats:named-content>\n            ,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Exophiala dermatitidis<\/jats:named-content>\n            , and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Geotrichum<\/jats:named-content>\n            sp.), to final concentrations of 10\n            <jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup>\n            to 10\n            <jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup>\n            CFU\/ml. NCT was added at 37\u00b0C, and time-kill assays were performed. At a concentration of 1% (10 mg\/ml, 55 mM) NCT, bacteria and spores were killed within 10 min and 15 min, respectively, to the detection limit of 10\n            <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n            CFU\/ml (reduction of 5 to 6 log\n            <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n            units). Reductions of 2 log\n            <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n            units were still achieved with 0.1% (bacteria) and 0.3% (fungi) NCT, largely within 10 to 30 min. Measurements by means of iodometric titration showed oxidizing activity for 1, 30, 60, and &gt;60 min at concentrations of 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, and 1.0% NCT, respectively, which matches the killing test results. NCT demonstrated broad-spectrum microbicidal activity in the milieu of CF mucus at concentrations ideal for clinical use. The microbicidal activity of NCT in ASM was even stronger than that in buffer solution; this was particularly pronounced for fungi. This finding can be explained largely by the formation, through transhalogenation, of monochloramine, which rapidly penetrates pathogens.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.02527-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,22]],"date-time":"2017-02-22T01:30:22Z","timestamp":1487727022000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Bactericidal and Fungicidal Activity of\n            <i>N<\/i>\n            -Chlorotaurine Is Enhanced in Cystic Fibrosis Sputum Medium"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Martina","family":"Gruber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Moser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Nagl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michaela","family":"Lackner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"127","article-title":"Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator modulators in cystic fibrosis: current perspectives","volume":"8","author":"Schmidt BZ","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schmidt BZ HaafJBLealTNoelS. 2016. 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