{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T13:06:38Z","timestamp":1753880798789,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]],"date-time":"2018-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533081600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21AI109532"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AI109532"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI072773"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI072773"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Wellcome Trust Strategic Award","award":["107475\/Z\/15\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["107475\/Z\/15\/Z"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Schistosomiasis is considered the most important disease caused by helminth parasites, in terms of morbidity and mortality. Tools to facilitate gain- and loss-of-function approaches can be expected to precipitate the discovery of novel interventions, and drug selection of transgenic schistosomes would facilitate the establishment of stable lines of engineered parasites. Sensitivity of developmental stages of schistosomes to the aminonucleoside antibiotic puromycin was investigated. For the schistosomulum and sporocyst stages, viability was quantified by fluorescence microscopy following dual staining with fluorescein diacetate and propidium iodine. By 6 days in culture, the 50% lethal concentration (LC\n            <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n            ) for schistosomula was 19 \u03bcg\/ml whereas the sporocysts were 45-fold more resilient. Puromycin potently inhibited the development of\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            -laid eggs (LC\n            <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n            , 68 ng\/ml) but was less effective against liver eggs (LC\n            <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n            , 387 \u03bcg\/ml). Toxicity for adult stages was evaluated using the xCELLigence-based, real-time motility assay (xWORM), which revealed LC\n            <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n            s after 48 h of 4.9 and 17.3 \u03bcg\/ml for male and female schistosomes, respectively. Also, schistosomula transduced with pseudotyped retrovirus encoding the puromycin resistance marker were partially rescued when cultured in the presence of the antibiotic. Together, these findings will facilitate selection on puromycin of transgenic schistosomes and the enrichment of cultures of transgenic eggs and sporocysts to facilitate the establishment of schistosome transgenic lines. Streamlining schistosome transgenesis with drug selection will open new avenues to understand parasite biology and hopefully lead to new interventions for this neglected tropical disease.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.02568-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,14]],"date-time":"2018-05-14T09:32:39Z","timestamp":1526290359000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Developmental Sensitivity in Schistosoma mansoni to Puromycin To Establish Drug Selection of Transgenic Schistosomes"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Hong-Bin","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology &amp; Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for the Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Smout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Smithfield, Cairns, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chuan","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology &amp; Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for the Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA"},{"name":"Key laboratory of Parasitology and Vector biology, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne E.","family":"Folley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology &amp; Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for the Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danielle E.","family":"Skinner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology &amp; Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for the Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victoria H.","family":"Mann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology &amp; Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for the Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Loukas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Smithfield, Cairns, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key laboratory of Parasitology and Vector biology, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul J.","family":"Brindley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology &amp; Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for the Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Rinaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology &amp; Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for the Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA"},{"name":"Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United 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