{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T07:12:31Z","timestamp":1781939551777,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,1]],"date-time":"2017-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496275200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) catheters are the primary method for draining ureters obstructed by malignancy and preventing a decline of renal function. However, PCN catheter-related infections, such as pyelonephritis and urosepsis, remain a significant concern. Currently, no antimicrobial PCN catheters are available for preventing infection complications. Vascular catheters impregnated with minocycline-rifampin (M\/R) and M\/R with chlorhexidine coating (M\/R plus CHD) have previously demonstrated antimicrobial activity. Therefore, in this study, we examined whether these combinations could be applied to PCN catheters and effectively inhibit biofilm formation by common uropathogens. An\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            biofilm colonization model was used to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of M\/R and M\/R-plus-CHD PCN catheters against nine common multidrug-resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative uropathogens as well as\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Candida glabrata<\/jats:named-content>\n            and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Candida albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n            . Experimental catheters were also assessed for durability of antimicrobial activity for up 3 weeks. PCN catheters coated with M\/R plus CHD completely inhibited biofilm formation for up to 3 weeks for all the organisms tested. The reduction in colonization compared to uncoated PCN catheters was significant for all Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and fungal organisms (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.05). M\/R-plus-CHD PCN catheters also produced significant reductions in biofilm colonization relative to M\/R PCN catheters for\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Enterobacter<\/jats:named-content>\n            spp.,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            ,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:named-content>\n            , methicillin-resistant\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n            , vancomycin-resistant enterococci,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. glabrata<\/jats:named-content>\n            , and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n            (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.05). M\/R-plus-CHD PCN catheters proved to be highly efficacious in preventing biofilm colonization when exposed to multidrug-resistant pathogens common in PCN catheter-associated pyelonephritis. M\/R-plus-CHD PCN catheters warrant evaluation in a clinical setting to assess their ability to prevent clinically relevant nephrostomy infections.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.02596-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,21]],"date-time":"2017-03-21T00:35:18Z","timestamp":1490056518000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["<i>In Vitro<\/i>\n            Study of Antimicrobial Percutaneous Nephrostomy Catheters for Prevention of Renal Infections"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Nylev","family":"Vargas-Cruz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth A.","family":"Reitzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel","family":"Rosenblatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Jamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ariel D.","family":"Szvalb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Marie","family":"Chaftari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ray","family":"Hachem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Issam","family":"Raad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, University of Texas M. D. 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