{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T01:09:26Z","timestamp":1781658566573,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,1]],"date-time":"2014-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1404172800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The role of carbapenem-resistant\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:named-content>\n            (CRAb) in polymicrobial infection remains elusive. Having observed the ability of CRAb to shelter other susceptible bacteria from carbapenem killing, we sought to determine the factors contributing to this sheltering effect by transforming different recombinant plasmids into recipient\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">A. baumannii<\/jats:named-content>\n            cells. The sheltering effects of CRAb were reproduced in recipient\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">A. baumannii<\/jats:named-content>\n            cells that highly expressed carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D \u03b2-lactamases (CHDLs) through their associated strong promoter. With the use of Western blot analysis and a bioassay, the highly expressed CHDLs were found to be extracellularly released and led to hydrolysis of carbapenem. The level of extracellular CHDLs increased after challenge with a higher concentration of CHDL substrates, such as carbapenem and ticarcillin. This increased CHDL may, in part, be attributed to cell lysis, as indicated by the presence of extracellular gyrase. In the planktonic condition, the sheltering effect for the cocultured susceptible bacteria might represent an indirect and passive effect of the CRAb self-defense mechanism, because coculture with the susceptible pathogen did not augment the amount of the extracellular CHDLs. Polymicrobial infection caused by CRAb and a susceptible counterpart exerted higher pathogenicity than monomicrobial infection caused by either pathogen alone in mice receiving carbapenem therapy. This study demonstrated that CHDL-producing CRAb appears to provide a sheltering effect for carbapenem-susceptible pathogens via the extracellular release of CHDLs and, by this mechanism, can enhance the pathogenesis of polymicrobial infection in the presence of carbapenem therapy.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.02636-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,6]],"date-time":"2014-05-06T03:36:16Z","timestamp":1399347376000},"page":"3983-3990","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Sheltering Effect and Indirect Pathogenesis of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in Polymicrobial Infection"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Yu-Ting","family":"Liao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu-Chen","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Tzu","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Department, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chien-Pei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu-Wen","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Jiuan","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang-Phone","family":"Fung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Long","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Te-Li","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/viru.1.1.9933"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00013-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro928"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00102-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02000400"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2013.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00058-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1789"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2006.01456.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00856-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis385"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2006.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1445"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00366-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00929-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-9-202"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2007.01744.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00128-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2009.06.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","volume-title":"approved standard\u20149th ed. M07-A9","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute","year":"2012","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. 2012. Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically; approved standard\u20149th ed. M07-A9. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","volume-title":"24th informational supplement M100-S24","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute","year":"2014","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. 2014. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing: 24th informational supplement M100-S24. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01971-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2583.2007.00734.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00393-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2006.00195.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2009.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1264\/jsme2.ME12167"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01772-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2011.07724.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.169.4.1386-1390.1987"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.164.3.1376-1380.1985"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02474-05"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/160.2.337"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-8579(03)00244-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.9.3536-3542.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/45.4.493"}],"container-title":["Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.02636-13","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.02636-13","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T22:51:05Z","timestamp":1645483865000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AAC.02636-13"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AAC.02636-13"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.02636-13","relation":{},"ISSN":["0066-4804","1098-6596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0066-4804","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-6596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-12-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-04-27","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-06-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}