{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T16:24:02Z","timestamp":1790871842027,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]],"date-time":"2016-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456790400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Nutritionally variant streptococci (NVS) are fastidious Gram-positive cocci comprised of the species\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Abiotrophia defectiva<\/jats:named-content>\n            ,\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Granulicatella adiacens<\/jats:named-content>\n            , and\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Granulicatella elegans<\/jats:named-content>\n            . NVS are an important cause of bacteremia and infective endocarditis (IE) associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was performed for 14 antimicrobials using the broth microdilution MIC method described in the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M45 guideline. A total of 132 clinical NVS blood isolates collected from 2008 to 2014 were tested. Species level identification of NVS isolates was achieved by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and\/or matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization\u2013time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Ninety isolates were identified as\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">G. adiacens<\/jats:named-content>\n            , 37 as\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">A. defectiva<\/jats:named-content>\n            , and 5 as\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">G. elegans<\/jats:named-content>\n            . All isolates were susceptible to vancomycin (MIC\n            <jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub>\n            = 1 \u03bcg\/ml), and none displayed high-level resistance to aminoglycosides.\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">G. adiacens<\/jats:named-content>\n            was considerably more susceptible to penicillin than\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">A. defectiva<\/jats:named-content>\n            (38.9% versus 10.8% of isolates susceptible) but was less susceptible to cephalosporins than was\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">A. defectiva<\/jats:named-content>\n            (43.3% versus 100% of isolates susceptible to ceftriaxone). Several isolates were resistant to levofloxacin (6%), erythromycin (51%), and clindamycin (10%). The MIC\n            <jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub>\n            for daptomycin was \u22654 \u03bcg\/ml for\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">G. adiacens<\/jats:named-content>\n            and\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">A. defectiva<\/jats:named-content>\n            .\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">G. elegans<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolates were 100% susceptible to all antimicrobials tested, with the exception of erythromycin, to which only 20% were susceptible. This study provides antimicrobial susceptibility data for a recent collection of NVS and demonstrates important NVS species-related differences with respect to susceptibility to penicillin, cephalosporins, carbapenems, and daptomycin. Species-level identification of NVS organisms when susceptibility testing is not readily available may aid in treatment decisions.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.02645-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,15]],"date-time":"2015-12-15T04:43:50Z","timestamp":1450154630000},"page":"1411-1420","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Abiotrophia defectiva, Granulicatella adiacens, and Granulicatella elegans"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Michael O.","family":"Alberti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet A.","family":"Hindler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romney M.","family":"Humphries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.4.2.184"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/191728a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-39-3-290"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-45-4-798"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-50-1-365"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.2.492-498.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-49-2-503"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2015.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/1.6.955"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.1.75"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.1.177-207.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.10.3520-3523.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3343\/alm.2014.34.2.174"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.5.1845-1847.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.md.0000165658.82869.17"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e3180a6eeab"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/9.5.908"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.165564"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr450"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","first-page":"67","article-title":"Endocarditis caused by nutritionally variant streptococci: a case report and literature review","volume":"20","author":"Giuliano S","year":"2012","unstructured":"Giuliano S, Caccese R, Carfagna P, Vena A, Falcone M, Venditti M. 2012. 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