{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T15:40:26Z","timestamp":1791733226365,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,1]],"date-time":"2017-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496275200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UM1 AI104681"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1 AI104681"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K24 AI093969"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24 AI093969"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5T32 AI052080-12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5T32 AI052080-12"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n The impact of bacterial species on outcome in bloodstream infections (BSI) is incompletely understood. We evaluated the impact of bacterial species on BSI mortality, with adjustment for patient, bacterial, and treatment factors. From 2002 to 2015, all adult inpatients with monomicrobial BSI caused by\n Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n or Gram-negative bacteria at Duke University Medical Center were prospectively enrolled. Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariable Cox regression with propensity score models were used to examine species-specific bacterial BSI mortality. Of the 2,659 enrolled patients, 999 (38%) were infected with\n S. aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n , and 1,660 (62%) were infected with Gram-negative bacteria. Among patients with Gram-negative BSI,\n Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:named-content>\n (81% [1,343\/1,660]) were most commonly isolated, followed by non-lactose-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria (16% [262\/1,660]). Of the 999\n S. aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n BSI isolates, 507 (51%) were methicillin resistant. Of the 1,660 Gram-negative BSI isolates, 500 (30%) were multidrug resistant. The unadjusted time-to-mortality among patients with Gram-negative BSI was shorter than that of patients with\n S. aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n BSI (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.003), due to increased mortality in patients with non-lactose-fermenting Gram-negative BSI generally (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.0001) and\n Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:named-content>\n BSI (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 158) in particular (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.0001). After adjustment for patient demographics, medical comorbidities, bacterial antibiotic resistance, timing of appropriate antibiotic therapy, and source control in patients with line-associated BSI,\n P. aeruginosa<\/jats:named-content>\n BSI remained significantly associated with increased mortality (hazard ratio = 1.435; 95% confidence interval = 1.043 to 1.933;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.02).\n P. aeruginosa<\/jats:named-content>\n BSI was associated with increased mortality relative to\n S. aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n or other Gram-negative BSI. This effect persisted after adjustment for patient, bacterial, and treatment factors.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.02671-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,3]],"date-time":"2017-04-03T20:37:41Z","timestamp":1491251861000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":151,"title":["Results from a 13-Year Prospective Cohort Study Show Increased Mortality Associated with Bloodstream Infections Caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Compared to Other Bacteria"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Joshua T.","family":"Thaden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University Division of Infectious Diseases, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence P.","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University Division of Infectious Diseases, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stacey A.","family":"Maskarinec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University Division of Infectious Diseases, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felicia","family":"Ruffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University Division of Infectious Diseases, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Vance G.","family":"Fowler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University Division of Infectious Diseases, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"van Duin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Division of Infectious Diseases, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02771841"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clind\/15.5.866"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/9.5.891"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0691.2003.00714.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-014-2146-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.2.760-766.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0083298"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.125.2.607"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/421946"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv436"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00390-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ccm.0000474082.02487.f6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/10.1.203"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.118.1.146"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70258-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2253-14-21"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00376-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2012.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12083"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268805004796"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jhm.899"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0104702"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2010.03089.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.8.3655-3660.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2013.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/10.3.629"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","volume-title":"Document M07-A10","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute","year":"2015","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. 2015. Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically: 10th ed. Document M07-A10. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA.","edition":"10"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","volume-title":"Document M100-S22","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute","year":"2012","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. 2012. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing: 22nd informational supplement. Document M100-S22. 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