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These isolates present an enlarged cell wall compared to isolates of regular susceptibility. This correlated with higher levels of \u03b2-1,3-glucan in the cell wall but not with detectable changes in chitin content. In line with this, AmB-resistant strains showed reduced susceptibility to Congo red. Moreover, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) involved in cell integrity were already activated during regular growth in these strains. Finally, we investigated the response elicited by human blood cells and found that AmB-resistant strains induced a stronger proinflammatory response than susceptible strains. In agreement, AmB-resistant strains also induced stronger melanization of\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Galleria mellonella<\/jats:named-content>\n                    larvae, indicating that the effect of alterations of the cell wall on the immune response is conserved in different types of hosts. Our results suggest that resistance to AmB is associated with pleiotropic mechanisms that might have important consequences, not only for the efficacy of the treatment but also for the immune response elicited by the host.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.02681-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,1]],"date-time":"2016-02-01T23:44:41Z","timestamp":1454370281000},"page":"2326-2335","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Cell Wall Changes in Amphotericin B-Resistant Strains from Candida tropicalis and Relationship with the Immune Responses Elicited by the Host"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Ana C.","family":"Mesa-Arango","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Microbiology, Mycology Reference Laboratory, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Dermatology Research Group, University of Antioquia, Medell\u00edn, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Rueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Microbiology, Mycology Reference Laboratory, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elvira","family":"Rom\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Quintin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda C.","family":"Terr\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Microbiology, Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Luque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Microbiology, Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihai G.","family":"Netea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesus","family":"Pla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oscar","family":"Zaragoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Microbiology, Mycology Reference Laboratory, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"377","article-title":"Aqueous pores created in thin lipid membranes by the polyene antibiotics nystatin and amphotericin B","volume":"2","author":"Finkelstein A","year":"1973","unstructured":"Finkelstein A, Holz R. 1973. 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