{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T07:30:14Z","timestamp":1767771014960,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,1]],"date-time":"2016-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462060800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            We evaluated the\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            activity of delafloxacin against a panel of 117\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:named-content>\n            strains, including 110 clinical isolates collected from 2012 to 2015 and seven reference strains, compared with the activities of seven antimicrobials currently or previously recommended for treatment of gonorrhea. We examined the potential for delafloxacin to select for resistant mutants in ciprofloxacin-susceptible and ciprofloxacin-resistant\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:named-content>\n            . We characterized mutations in the\n            <jats:italic>gyrA<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>gyrB<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>parC<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>parE<\/jats:italic>\n            genes and the multidrug-resistant efflux pumps (MtrC-MtrD-MtrE and NorM) by PCR and sequencing and by whole-genome sequencing. The MIC\n            <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n            , MIC\n            <jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub>\n            , and MIC ranges of delafloxacin were 0.06 \u03bcg\/ml, 0.125 \u03bcg\/ml, and \u22640.001 to 0.25 \u03bcg\/ml, respectively. The frequency of spontaneous mutation ranged from 10\n            <jats:sup>\u22127<\/jats:sup>\n            to &lt;10\n            <jats:sup>\u22129<\/jats:sup>\n            . The multistep delafloxacin resistance selection of 30 daily passages resulted in stable resistant mutants. There was no obvious cross-resistance to nonfluoroquinolone comparator antimicrobials. A mutant with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (MIC, 0.25 \u03bcg\/ml) obtained from the ciprofloxacin-susceptible parental strain had a novel Ser91Tyr alteration in the\n            <jats:italic>gyrA<\/jats:italic>\n            gene. We also identified new mutations in the\n            <jats:italic>gyrA<\/jats:italic>\n            and\/or\n            <jats:italic>parC<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>parE<\/jats:italic>\n            genes and the multidrug-resistant efflux pumps (MtrC-MtrD-MtrE and NorM) of two mutant strains with elevated delafloxacin MICs of 1 \u03bcg\/ml. Although delafloxacin exhibited potent\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            activity against\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolates and reference strains with diverse antimicrobial resistance profiles and demonstrated a low tendency to select for spontaneous mutants, it is important to establish the correlation between these excellent\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            data and treatment outcomes through appropriate randomized controlled clinical trials.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.02798-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,15]],"date-time":"2016-03-15T02:49:37Z","timestamp":1458010177000},"page":"3106-3111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["<i>In Vitro<\/i>\n            Activity of Delafloxacin against Clinical Neisseria gonorrhoeae Isolates and Selection of Gonococcal Delafloxacin Resistance"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8504-2319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olusegun O.","family":"Soge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neisseria Reference Laboratory, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Salipante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"No","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental &amp; Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Duffy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melinta Therapeutics, New Haven, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marilyn C.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental &amp; Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","volume-title":"Sexually transmitted disease surveillance","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2013","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2013. 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