{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T20:27:59Z","timestamp":1778531279517,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,1]],"date-time":"2016-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462060800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"CONACYT Mexico","award":["Fondo Sectorial de Salud 140091"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Fondo Sectorial de Salud 140091"]}]},{"name":"Sao Paolo Research Foundation","award":["FAPESP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAPESP"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Little has been done during the past 100 years to develop new antileishmanial drugs. Most infected individuals live in poor countries and have a low cash income to be attractive targets to pharmaceutical corporations. Two heterosidic steroids, solamargine and solasonine, initially identified as major components of the Brazilian plant\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Solanum lycocarpum<\/jats:named-content>\n            , were tested for leishmanicidal activity. Both alkaloids killed intracellular and extracellular\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Leishmania mexicana<\/jats:named-content>\n            parasites more efficiently than the reference drug sodium stibogluconate. A total of 10 \u03bcM each individual alkaloid significantly reduced parasite counts in infected macrophages and dendritic cells.\n            <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            treatment of C57BL\/6 mice with a standardized topical preparation containing solamargine (45.1%) and solasonine (44.4%) gave significant reductions in lesion sizes and parasite counts recovered from lesions. Alkaloids present different immunochemical pathways in macrophages and dendritic cells. We conclude that this topical preparation is effective and a potential new and inexpensive treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.02804-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,17]],"date-time":"2016-02-17T03:49:32Z","timestamp":1455680972000},"page":"2732-2738","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["A New Antileishmanial Preparation of Combined Solamargine and Solasonine Heals Cutaneous Leishmaniasis through Different Immunochemical Pathways"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"C. M.","family":"Lezama-D\u00e1vila","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, OSUMC, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. D.","family":"McChesney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arbor Therapeutics LLC, Ironstone Separations Inc., Etta, Mississippi, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. K.","family":"Bastos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas de Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. A.","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas de Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. 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E.","family":"Gaitan-Puch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas, Universidad Auton\u00f3ma de Campeche, Campeche, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. P.","family":"Isaac-M\u00e1rquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas, Universidad Auton\u00f3ma de Campeche, Campeche, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","volume-title":"Leishmaniasis fact sheet no. 375","author":"WHO","year":"2015","unstructured":"WHO. 2015. Leishmaniasis fact sheet no. 375. 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