{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T06:47:04Z","timestamp":1790232424076,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]],"date-time":"2016-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456790400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>One of the core goals of the Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (CIPARS) is to monitor major meat commodities for antimicrobial resistance. Targeted studies with methodologies based on core surveillance protocols are used to examine other foods, e.g., seafood, for antimicrobial resistance to detect resistances of concern to public health. Here we report the discovery of a novel Ambler class A carbapenemase that was identified in a nontoxigenic strain of<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:named-content>(N14-02106) isolated from shrimp that was sold for human consumption in Canada.<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">V. cholerae<\/jats:named-content>N14-02106 was resistant to penicillins, carbapenems, and monobactam antibiotics; however, PCR did not detect common \u03b2-lactamases. Bioinformatic analysis of the whole-genome sequence of<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">V. cholerae<\/jats:named-content>N14-02106 revealed on the large chromosome a novel carbapenemase (referred to here as VCC-1, for<jats:underline><jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic><\/jats:underline><jats:italic>ibrio<\/jats:italic><jats:underline><jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic><\/jats:underline><jats:italic>holerae<\/jats:italic><jats:underline>c<\/jats:underline>arbapenemase<jats:underline>1<\/jats:underline>) with sequence similarity to class A enzymes. Two copies of<jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>VCC-1<\/jats:sub>separated and flanked by IS<jats:italic>Vch9<\/jats:italic>(i.e., 3 copies of IS<jats:italic>Vch9<\/jats:italic>) were found in an acquired 8.5-kb region inserted into a VrgG family protein gene. Cloned<jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>VCC-1<\/jats:sub>conferred a \u03b2-lactam resistance profile similar to that in<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">V. cholerae<\/jats:named-content>N14-02106 when it was transformed into a susceptible laboratory strain of<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:named-content>. Purified VCC-1 was found to hydrolyze penicillins, 1st-generation cephalosporins, aztreonam, and carbapenems, whereas 2nd- and 3rd-generation cephalosporins were poor substrates. Using nitrocefin as a reporter substrate, VCC-1 was moderately inhibited by clavulanic acid and tazobactam but not EDTA. In this report, we present the discovery of a novel class A carbapenemase from the food supply.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.02812-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,12]],"date-time":"2016-01-12T03:49:28Z","timestamp":1452570568000},"page":"1819-1825","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Characterization of VCC-1, a Novel Ambler Class A Carbapenemase from Vibrio cholerae Isolated from Imported Retail Shrimp Sold in Canada"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Chand S.","family":"Mangat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Boyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicol","family":"Janecko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Food-Borne, Environmental, and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Guelph, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah-Lynn","family":"Martz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Desruisseau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Carpenter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Reid-Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Food-Borne, Environmental, and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Guelph, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Mulvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00001-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12719"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/595011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(06)70689-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3004129"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2012.03888.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1120800"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2312"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkt392"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2010.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2007.140534"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0126717"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2014.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-015-0080-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01179"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1809.120355"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr507"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cmb.2012.0021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2474"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00419-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks046"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M311391200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780199636198.003.0010","volume-title":"Protein structure: a practical approach","author":"Pace CN","year":"1997","unstructured":"Pace CN, Schmid FX. 1997. 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