{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T03:59:08Z","timestamp":1788667148227,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,1]],"date-time":"2016-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470009600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Kanamycin is one of the aminoglycosides used in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Blood concentrations of kanamycin are predictive for the treatment efficacy and the occurrence of side effects, and dose adjustments can be needed to optimize therapy. However, an immunoassay method for the quantification of kanamycin is not commercially available. We modified the existing tobramycin immunoassay to analyze kanamycin. This modified method was tested in a concentration range of 0.3 to 80.0 mg\/liter for inaccuracy and imprecision. In addition, the analytical results of the immunoassay method were compared to those obtained by a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS\/MS) analytical method using Passing and Bablok regression. Within-day imprecision varied from 2.3 to 13.3%, and between-day imprecision ranged from 0.0 to 11.3%. The inaccuracy ranged from \u22125.2 to 7.6%. No significant cross-reactivity with other antimicrobials and antiviral agents was observed. The results of the modified immunoassay method were comparable with the LC-MS\/MS analytical outcome. This new immunoassay method enables laboratories to perform therapeutic drug monitoring of kanamycin without the need for complex and expensive LC-MS\/MS equipment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.03025-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,17]],"date-time":"2016-05-17T02:39:50Z","timestamp":1463452790000},"page":"4646-4651","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Immunoassay Analysis of Kanamycin in Serum Using the Tobramycin Kit"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"J. A.","family":"Dijkstra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. J.","family":"Voerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Greijdanus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. J.","family":"Touw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Groningen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"University of Groningen, Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. W. C.","family":"Alffenaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1200894"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","first-page":"84","volume-title":"Treatment of tuberculosis guidelines","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2010","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2010. Treatment of tuberculosis guidelines, 4th ed, p 84. WHO Press, Geneva, Switzerland.","edition":"4"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/420742"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01050-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/321854"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.14.0838"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2015.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4155\/bio.14.191"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(04)01570-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-009-3263-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkt154"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2015.11.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","volume-title":"Syva Emit 2000 tobramycin assay","author":"Siemens","year":"2011","unstructured":"Siemens. 2011. Syva Emit 2000 tobramycin assay. Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Ltd, Camberley, United Kingdom."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2013-0051-CP"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","volume-title":"Guideline on bioanalytical validation (EMEA\/CHMP\/EWP\/192217\/2009)","author":"European Medicines Agency Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use","year":"2011","unstructured":"European Medicines Agency Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use. 2011. Guideline on bioanalytical validation (EMEA\/CHMP\/EWP\/192217\/2009). European Medicines Agency, London, United Kingdom."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","first-page":"709","article-title":"A new biometrical procedure for testing the equality of measurements from two different analytical methods. Application of linear regression procedures for method comparison studies in clinical chemistry, part I","volume":"21","author":"Passing H","year":"1983","unstructured":"Passing H, Bablok W. 1983. A new biometrical procedure for testing the equality of measurements from two different analytical methods. Application of linear regression procedures for method comparison studies in clinical chemistry, part I. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 21:709\u2013720.","journal-title":"J Clin Chem Clin Biochem"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/45.6.882","article-title":"Necessary sample size for method comparison studies based on regression analysis","volume":"45","author":"Linnet K","year":"1999","unstructured":"Linnet K. 1999. Necessary sample size for method comparison studies based on regression analysis. Clin Chem 45:882\u2013894.","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2015.238626"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.31.9.1383"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ910"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","first-page":"83","volume-title":"Treatment of tuberculosis guidelines","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2010","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2010. Treatment of tuberculosis guidelines, 4th ed, p 83. WHO Press, Geneva, Switzerland.","edition":"4"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf703602b"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.29.6.961"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.28.4.521"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a134461","article-title":"Enzyme immunoassays of kanamycin group antibiotics with high sensitivities using anti-kanamycin as a common antiserum: reasoning and selection of a heterologous enzyme label","volume":"94","author":"Kitagawa T","year":"1983","unstructured":"Kitagawa T, Fujiwara K, Tomonoh S, Takahashi K, Koida M. 1983. Enzyme immunoassays of kanamycin group antibiotics with high sensitivities using anti-kanamycin as a common antiserum: reasoning and selection of a heterologous enzyme label. J Biochem 94:1165\u20131172.","journal-title":"J Biochem"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","volume-title":"Guidance for industry, bioanalytical method validation","author":"US Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration","year":"2001","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration. 2001. Guidance for industry, bioanalytical method validation. Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Rockville, MD."}],"container-title":["Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.03025-15","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.03025-15","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T20:53:20Z","timestamp":1645476800000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AAC.03025-15"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AAC.03025-15"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.03025-15","relation":{},"ISSN":["0066-4804","1098-6596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0066-4804","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-6596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-01-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-05-12","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-07-22","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}