{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:29:02Z","timestamp":1787016542604,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,1]],"date-time":"2016-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1467331200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Efflux-mediated macrolide resistance due to\n                    <jats:italic>mef<\/jats:italic>\n                    (E) and\n                    <jats:italic>mel<\/jats:italic>\n                    , carried by the mega element, is common in\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n                    , for which it was originally characterized, but it is rare in\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Streptococcus pyogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n                    . In\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">S. pyogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n                    , mega was previously found to be enclosed in Tn\n                    <jats:italic>2009<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a composite genetic element of the Tn\n                    <jats:italic>916<\/jats:italic>\n                    family containing\n                    <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n                    (M) and conferring erythromycin and tetracycline resistance. In this study,\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">S. pyogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n                    isolates containing\n                    <jats:italic>mef<\/jats:italic>\n                    (E), apparently not associated with other resistance determinants, were examined to characterize the genetic context of mega. By whole-genome sequencing of one isolate, MB56Spyo009, we identified a novel composite integrative and conjugative element (ICE) carrying mega, designated ICE\n                    <jats:italic>Spy<\/jats:italic>\n                    009, belonging to the ICE\n                    <jats:italic>Sa<\/jats:italic>\n                    2603 family. ICE\n                    <jats:italic>Spy<\/jats:italic>\n                    009 was 55 kb long, contained 61 putative open reading frames (ORFs), and was found to be integrated into\n                    <jats:italic>hylA<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a novel integration site for the ICE\n                    <jats:italic>Sa<\/jats:italic>\n                    2603 family. The modular organization of the ICE was similar to that of members of the ICE\n                    <jats:italic>Sa<\/jats:italic>\n                    2603 family carried by different streptococcal species. In addition, a novel cluster of accessory resistance genes was found inside a region that encloses mega. PCR mapping targeting ICE\n                    <jats:italic>Spy<\/jats:italic>\n                    009 revealed the presence of a similar ICE in five other isolates under study. While in three isolates the integration site was the same as that of ICE\n                    <jats:italic>Spy<\/jats:italic>\n                    009, in two isolates the ICE was integrated into\n                    <jats:italic>rplL<\/jats:italic>\n                    , the typical integration site of the ICE\n                    <jats:italic>Sa<\/jats:italic>\n                    2603 family. ICE\n                    <jats:italic>Spy<\/jats:italic>\n                    009 was able to transfer macrolide resistance by conjugation to both\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">S. pyogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n                    and\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">S. pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n                    , showing the first evidence of the transferability of mega from\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">S. pyogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.03082-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,11]],"date-time":"2016-04-11T23:39:01Z","timestamp":1460417941000},"page":"3906-3912","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["ICE\n                    <i>Spy<\/i>\n                    009, a Conjugative Genetic Element Carrying\n                    <i>mef<\/i>\n                    (E) in Streptococcus pyogenes"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Del Grosso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romina","family":"Camilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ermanno","family":"Rizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Italian National Research Council, Institute for Biomedical Technologies, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Pietrelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Italian National Research Council, Institute for Biomedical Technologies, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"De Bellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Italian National Research Council, Institute for Biomedical Technologies, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annalisa","family":"Pantosti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/321001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1996.01521.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.10.2251"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00790-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00687"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/422697"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00499-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.9.2585-2587.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01065-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01713-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.6.2037-2042.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2382"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.03638-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00746"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","volume-title":"Abstr 22nd Eur Congr Clin Microbiol Infect Dis","author":"Del Grosso M","year":"2012","unstructured":"Del Grosso M, Camilli R, Rizzi E, Pietrelli A, Barbabella G, De Bellis G, Pantosti A. 2012. 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