{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T09:24:55Z","timestamp":1785403495761,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]],"date-time":"2014-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Candida albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n            is the 3rd most common cause of catheter-associated urinary tract infections, with a strong propensity to form drug-resistant catheter-related biofilms. Due to the limited efficacy of available antifungals against biofilms, drug repurposing has been investigated in order to identify novel agents with activities against fungal biofilms. Finasteride is a 5-\u03b1-reductase inhibitor commonly used for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia, with activity against human type II and III isoenzymes. We analyzed the\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Candida<\/jats:named-content>\n            Genome Database and identified a\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">C. albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n            homolog of type III 5-\u03b1-reductase, Dfg10p, which shares 27% sequence identity and 41% similarity to the human type III 5-\u03b1-reductase. Thus, we investigated finasteride for activity against\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">C. albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n            urinary biofilms, alone and in combination with amphotericin B or fluconazole. Finasteride alone was highly effective in the prevention of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">C. albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n            biofilm formation at doses of \u226516 mg\/liter and the treatment of preformed biofilms at doses of \u2265128 mg\/liter. In biofilm checkerboard analyses, finasteride exhibited synergistic activity in the prevention of biofilm formation in a combination of 4 mg\/liter finasteride with 2 mg\/liter fluconazole. Finasteride inhibited filamentation, thus suggesting a potential mechanism of action. These results indicate that finasteride alone is highly active in the prevention of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">C. albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n            urinary biofilms\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            and has synergistic activity in combination with fluconazole. Further investigation of the clinical utility of finasteride in the prevention of urinary candidiasis is warranted.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.03137-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,22]],"date-time":"2014-07-22T03:15:21Z","timestamp":1405998921000},"page":"5855-5862","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["<i>In Vitro<\/i>\n            Analysis of Finasteride Activity against Candida albicans Urinary Biofilm Formation and Filamentation"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Alba A.","family":"Chavez-Dozal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Infectious Diseases, New Mexico Veterans Healthcare System, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Livia","family":"Lown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maximillian","family":"Jahng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Infectious Diseases, New Mexico Veterans Healthcare System, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla J.","family":"Walraven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel A.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Infectious Diseases, New Mexico Veterans Healthcare System, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.4.4.633-638.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00029-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199905000-00020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.017517-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/320001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2009.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2010.06.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.05061-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/17460441.2013.807245"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2013.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01750-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2011.10.053"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0007025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkn515"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08927014.2012.749398"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01599-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00263-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2009.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/651558"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2008.06.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00072a028"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2007.11.033"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-199630010-00002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000320109"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/134.3.717"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nport.2008.141"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","volume-title":"Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts; approved standard","author":"National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards","year":"1997","unstructured":"National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. 1997. 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