{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T09:34:00Z","timestamp":1789810440062,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]],"date-time":"2014-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417392000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            A 2-year prospective intervention on the prescription of trimethoprim reduced the use by 85% in a health care region with 178,000 inhabitants. Here, we performed before-and-after analyses of the within-population distribution of trimethoprim resistance in\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            . Phylogenetic and population genetic methods were applied to multilocus sequence typing data of 548 consecutively collected\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolates from clinical urinary specimens. Results were analyzed in relation to antibiotic susceptibility and the presence and genomic location of different trimethoprim resistance gene classes. A total of 163\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            sequence types (STs) were identified, of which 68 were previously undescribed. The isolates fell into one of three distinct genetic clusters designated BAPS 1 (\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            phylogroup B2), BAPS 2 (phylogroup A and B1), and BAPS 3 (phylogroup D), each with a similar frequency before and after the intervention. BAPS 2 and BAPS 3 were positively and BAPS 1 was negatively associated with trimethoprim resistance (odds ratios of 1.97, 3.17, and 0.26, respectively). In before-and-after analyses, trimethoprim resistance frequency increased in BAPS 1 and decreased in BAPS 2. Resistance to antibiotics other than trimethoprim increased in BAPS 2. Analysis of the genomic location of different trimethoprim resistance genes in isolates of ST69, ST58, and ST73 identified multiple independent acquisition events in isolates of the same ST. The results show that despite a stable overall resistance frequency in\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            before and after the intervention, marked within-population changes occurred. A decrease of resistance in one major genetic cluster was masked by a reciprocal increase in another major cluster.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.03228-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,7]],"date-time":"2014-10-07T07:44:04Z","timestamp":1412667844000},"page":"7492-7500","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Within-Population Distribution of Trimethoprim Resistance in Escherichia coli before and after a Community-Wide Intervention on Trimethoprim Use"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Martin","family":"Sundqvist","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Central Hospital, V\u00e4xj\u00f6, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Infectious Diseases, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Granholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Ume\u00e5 University, Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umaer","family":"Naseer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reference Centre for Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway, Troms\u00f8, Norway"},{"name":"Research Group for Host-Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, University of Troms\u00f8, Troms\u00f8, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrik","family":"Ryd\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics, Ume\u00e5 University, Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alma","family":"Brolund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnfinn","family":"Sundsfjord","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reference Centre for Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway, Troms\u00f8, Norway"},{"name":"Research Group for Host-Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, University of Troms\u00f8, Troms\u00f8, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunnar","family":"Kahlmeter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Central Hospital, V\u00e4xj\u00f6, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Clinical Bacteriology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Johansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Ume\u00e5 University, Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001104"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1145"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2006.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.26486-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro818"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(02)01055-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msm172"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1000344"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2006.05172.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2011.00289.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S9","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/24.Supplement_1.S9","article-title":"The population genetics of antibiotic resistance","volume":"24","author":"Levin BR","year":"1997","unstructured":"LevinBRLipsitchMPerrotVSchragSAntiaRSimonsenLWalkerNMStewartFM. 1997. The population genetics of antibiotic resistance. Clin. Infect. Dis. 24(Suppl 1):S9\u2013S16.","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1999.0425"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)17907-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1411.070467"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.12.5860-5864.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00230-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1402.070350"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00297-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00377-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr106"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkn463"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00074-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00413-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-011-0232-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkn406"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr226"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.022459-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009233"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp387"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msm092"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1000455"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01319-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2009.02465.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.6.2618-2622.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.8.3841-3843.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2008.01669.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2298"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-13-256"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr451"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dki122"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01025-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp156"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-11-183"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/380640"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa011265"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1410.080102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268810001639"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1101.040418"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkm464"}],"container-title":["Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.03228-14","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.03228-14","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T22:41:49Z","timestamp":1645483309000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AAC.03228-14"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AAC.03228-14"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.03228-14","relation":{},"ISSN":["0066-4804","1098-6596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0066-4804","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-6596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-05-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-09-28","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-11-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}