{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T19:24:36Z","timestamp":1761765876906},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]],"date-time":"2015-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1422748800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            In 2008, artemether-lumefantrine was introduced in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa, but quinine has also been commonly prescribed for the treatment of uncomplicated\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:named-content>\n            malaria. An efficacious high-dose chloroquine treatment regimen was used previously. Temporal and seasonal changes of genetic polymorphisms associated with altered drug susceptibility to chloroquine, lumefantrine, and quinine have been described.\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">P. falciparum<\/jats:named-content>\n            chloroquine resistance transporter (\n            <jats:italic>pfcrt<\/jats:italic>\n            ) K76T,\n            <jats:italic>pfmdr1<\/jats:italic>\n            gene copy numbers,\n            <jats:italic>pfmdr1<\/jats:italic>\n            polymorphisms N86Y and Y184F, and\n            <jats:italic>pfmdr1<\/jats:italic>\n            sequences 1034 to 1246 were determined using PCR-based methods. Blood samples came from virtually all (\n            <jats:italic>n =<\/jats:italic>\n            1,806) children &lt;15 years of age who had uncomplicated\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">P. falciparum<\/jats:named-content>\n            monoinfection and presented at a health center in suburban Bissau (from 2003 to 2012). The\n            <jats:italic>pfcrt<\/jats:italic>\n            K76T and\n            <jats:italic>pfmdr1<\/jats:italic>\n            N86Y frequencies were stable, and seasonal changes were not seen from 2003 to 2007. Since 2007, the mean annual frequencies increased (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.001) for\n            <jats:italic>pfcrt<\/jats:italic>\n            76T (24% to 57%),\n            <jats:italic>pfmdr1<\/jats:italic>\n            N86 (72% to 83%), and\n            <jats:italic>pfcrt<\/jats:italic>\n            76 +\n            <jats:italic>pfmdr1<\/jats:italic>\n            86 TN (10% to 27%), and\n            <jats:italic>pfcrt<\/jats:italic>\n            76T accumulated during the high transmission season (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.001). The\n            <jats:italic>pfmdr1<\/jats:italic>\n            86 + 184 NF frequency increased from 39% to 66% (from 2003 to 2011;\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.004). One sample had two\n            <jats:italic>pfmdr1<\/jats:italic>\n            gene copies.\n            <jats:italic>pfcrt<\/jats:italic>\n            76T was associated with a lower parasite density (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.001). Following the discontinuation of an effective chloroquine regimen, probably highly artemether-lumefantrine-susceptible\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">P. falciparum<\/jats:named-content>\n            (with\n            <jats:italic>pfcrt<\/jats:italic>\n            76T) accumulated, possibly due to suboptimal use of quinine and despite a fitness cost linked to\n            <jats:italic>pfcrt<\/jats:italic>\n            76T. (The studies reported here were registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT00137514 [PSB-2001-chl-amo], NCT00137566 [PSB-2004-paracetamol], NCT00426439 [PSB-2006-coartem], NCT01157689 [AL-eff 2010], and NCT01704508 [Eurartesim 2012].)\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.03554-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,25]],"date-time":"2014-11-25T04:28:59Z","timestamp":1416889739000},"page":"872-879","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Temporal and Seasonal Changes of Genetic Polymorphisms Associated with Altered Drug Susceptibility to Chloroquine, Lumefantrine, and Quinine in Guinea-Bissau between 2003 and 2012"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Irina Tatiana","family":"Jovel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Malaria Research, Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Departamento de Parasitolog\u00eda, Escuela de Microbiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de Honduras (UNAH), Tegucigalpa, Honduras"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Poul-Erik","family":"Kofoed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Projecto de Sa\u00fade de Bandim, Indepth Network, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Kolding Hospital, Kolding, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Rombo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Research, S\u00f6rmland County Council, Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amabelia","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Projecto de Sa\u00fade de Bandim, Indepth Network, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Ursing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malaria Research, Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Projecto de Sa\u00fade de Bandim, Indepth Network, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","volume-title":"World malaria report","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2012","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2012. World malaria report. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","volume-title":"Guidelines for the treatment of malaria","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2010","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2010. Guidelines for the treatment of malaria, 2nd ed. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiq001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(02)90107-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0101167"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200101253440403"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis747"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/596738"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/427997"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(05)00077-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1322965111"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.76.844"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2007.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00638-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.12-0525"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-12-103"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2012.08180.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.43.12.2943"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/507115"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.06350-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35002615"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03627.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/522154"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2006.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-10-148"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006866"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/506456"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01111-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcp.2005.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2007.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/375419"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu216"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2006.05511.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2008.06108.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02472-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dku358"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2004.04035.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-12-377"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0804628105"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020212"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00610-09"}],"container-title":["Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.03554-14","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.03554-14","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T22:53:47Z","timestamp":1645484027000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AAC.03554-14"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AAC.03554-14"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.03554-14","relation":{},"ISSN":["0066-4804","1098-6596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0066-4804","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-6596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-06-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-11-12","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-01-27","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}