{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T09:27:01Z","timestamp":1791192421707,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,1]],"date-time":"2014-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1414800000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Ciprofloxacin is used in neonates with suspected or documented Gram-negative serious infections. Currently, its use is off-label partly because of lack of pharmacokinetic studies. Within the FP7 EU project TINN (Treat Infection in NeoNates), our aim was to evaluate the population pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin in neonates and young infants &lt;3 months of age and define the appropriate dose in order to optimize ciprofloxacin treatment in this vulnerable population. Blood samples were collected from neonates treated with ciprofloxacin and concentrations were quantified by high-pressure liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry. Population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using NONMEM software. The data from 60 newborn infants (postmenstrual age [PMA] range, 24.9 to 47.9 weeks) were available for population pharmacokinetic analysis. A two-compartment model with first-order elimination showed the best fit with the data. A covariate analysis identified that gestational age, postnatal age, current weight, serum creatinine concentration, and use of inotropes had a significant impact on ciprofloxacin pharmacokinetics. Monte Carlo simulation demonstrated that 90% of hypothetical newborns with a PMA of &lt;34 weeks treated with 7.5 mg\/kg twice daily and 84% of newborns with a PMA \u226534 weeks and young infants receiving 12.5 mg\/kg twice daily would reach the AUC\/MIC target of 125, using the standard EUCAST MIC susceptibility breakpoint of 0.5 mg\/liter. The associated risks of overdose for the proposed dosing regimen were &lt;8%. The population pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin was evaluated in neonates and young infants &lt;3 months old, and a dosing regimen was established based on simulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.03568-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,26]],"date-time":"2014-08-26T06:40:17Z","timestamp":1409035217000},"page":"6572-6580","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Population Pharmacokinetics of Ciprofloxacin in Neonates and Young Infants Less than Three Months of Age"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China"},{"name":"Department of Paediatric Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, H\u00f4pital Robert Debr\u00e9, APHP, Paris, France"},{"name":"Clinical Investigation Center CIC1426, INSERM, Paris, 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Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Mahoney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Intensive Care, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephane","family":"Paulus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Intensive Care, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Castellan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS UMR5558, Laboratoire de Biom\u00e9trie et Biologie Evolutive, Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, EPICIME-CIC 1407-INSERM-Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Behrouz","family":"Kassai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS UMR5558, Laboratoire de Biom\u00e9trie et Biologie Evolutive, Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, EPICIME-CIC 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