{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T07:34:14Z","timestamp":1778916854799,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]],"date-time":"2015-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1422748800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Chloroquine-primaquine (CQ-PQ) continues to be the frontline therapy for radical cure of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Plasmodium vivax<\/jats:named-content>\n            malaria. Emergence of CQ-resistant (CQR)\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">P. vivax<\/jats:named-content>\n            parasites requires a shift to artemisinin combination therapies (ACTs), which imposes a significant financial, logistical, and safety burden. Monitoring the therapeutic efficacy of CQ is thus important. Here, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of CQ-PQ for\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">P. vivax<\/jats:named-content>\n            malaria in northeast Myanmar. We recruited 587 patients with\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">P. vivax<\/jats:named-content>\n            monoinfection attending local malaria clinics during 2012 to 2013. These patients received three daily doses of CQ at a total dose of 24 mg of base\/kg of body weight and an 8-day PQ treatment (0.375 mg\/kg\/day) commencing at the same time as the first CQ dose. Of the 401 patients who finished the 28-day follow-up, the cumulative incidence of recurrent parasitemia was 5.20% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.04% to 7.36%). Among 361 (61%) patients finishing a 42-day follow-up, the cumulative incidence of recurrent blood-stage infection reached 7.98% (95% CI, 5.20% to 10.76%). The cumulative risk of gametocyte carriage at days 28 and 42 was 2.21% (95% CI, 0.78% to 3.64%) and 3.93% (95% CI, 1.94% to 5.92%), respectively. Interestingly, for all 15 patients with recurrent gametocytemia, this was associated with concurrent asexual stages. Genotyping of recurrent parasites at the merozoite surface protein 3\u03b1 gene locus from 12 patients with recurrent parasitemia within 28 days revealed that 10 of these were the same genotype as at day 0, suggesting recrudescence or relapse. Similar studies in 70 patients in the same area in 2007 showed no recurrent parasitemias within 28 days. The sensitivity to chloroquine of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">P. vivax<\/jats:named-content>\n            in northeastern Myanmar may be deteriorating.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.04270-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,16]],"date-time":"2014-12-16T03:19:23Z","timestamp":1418699963000},"page":"1230-1235","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Therapeutic Responses of Plasmodium vivax Malaria to Chloroquine and Primaquine Treatment in Northeastern Myanmar"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Lili","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China"},{"name":"Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel M.","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bhavna","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhaoqing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huaie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalian Institute of Biotechnology, Dalian, Liaoning, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaming","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuping","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming-chieh","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Public Health, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guofa","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Public Health, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guiyun","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Public Health, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. Kevin","family":"Baird","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eijkman-Oxford Clinical Research Unit, Jakarta, Indonesia"},{"name":"Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liwang","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001814"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(04)01043-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.77.79"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60310-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61270-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00008-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01296-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)91792-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(92)90531-G"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1991.44.547"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/164.1.222"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199103283241317"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70855-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2012.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2011.02.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","first-page":"674","article-title":"Malaria trends and challenges in the Greater Mekong Subregion","volume":"40","author":"Delacollette C","year":"2009","unstructured":"Delacollette C, D'Souza C, Christophel E, Thimasarn K, Abdur R, Bell D, Dai TC, Gopinath D, Lu S, Mendoza R, Ortega L, Rastogi R, Tantinimitkul C, Ehrenberg J. 2009. Malaria trends and challenges in the Greater Mekong Subregion. 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Short report: therapeutic efficacy of chloroquine combined with primaquine against Plasmodium falciparum in northeastern Papua, Indonesia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66:659\u2013660.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/171.6.1678"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(99)90149-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.6.1680-1685.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2005.04.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-10-44"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","first-page":"566","article-title":"Assessment of therapeutic efficacy of chloroquine for vivax malaria in Thailand","volume":"35","author":"Vijaykadga S","year":"2004","unstructured":"Vijaykadga S, Rojanawatsirivej C, Congpoung K, Wilairatana P, Satimai W, Uaekowitchai C, Pumborplub B, Sittimongkol S, Pinyorattanachote A, Prigchoo P. 2004. Assessment of therapeutic efficacy of chloroquine for vivax malaria in Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 35:566\u2013569.","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","first-page":"190","article-title":"In vivo sensitivity monitoring of chloroquine for the treatment of uncomplicated vivax malaria in four bordered provinces of Thailand during 2009-2010","volume":"48","author":"Congpoung K","year":"2011","unstructured":"Congpoung K, Satimai W, Sujariyakul A, Intanakom S, Harnpitakpong W, Pranuth Y, Cholpol S, Bualombai P. 2011. In vivo sensitivity monitoring of chloroquine for the treatment of uncomplicated vivax malaria in four bordered provinces of Thailand during 2009-2010. 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(In Chinese.)","journal-title":"Chin J Parasitol Parasitic Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)92568-E"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2003.69.548"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/936067"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2008.79.378"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit261"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/512241"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70079-7"}],"container-title":["Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.04270-14","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.04270-14","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T22:51:39Z","timestamp":1645483899000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AAC.04270-14"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AAC.04270-14"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.04270-14","relation":{},"ISSN":["0066-4804","1098-6596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0066-4804","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-6596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-09-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-12-03","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-01-27","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}