{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T08:20:56Z","timestamp":1789546856067,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The drug target profile proposed by the Medicines for Malaria Venture for a malaria elimination\/eradication policy focuses on molecules active on both asexual and sexual stages of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Plasmodium<\/jats:named-content>\n            , thus with both curative and transmission-blocking activities. The aim of the present work was to investigate whether the class of monovalent ionophores, which includes drugs used in veterinary medicine and that were recently proposed as human anticancer agents, meets these requirements. The activity of salinomycin, monensin, and nigericin on\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:named-content>\n            asexual and sexual erythrocytic stages and on the development of the\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Plasmodium berghei<\/jats:named-content>\n            and\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">P. falciparum<\/jats:named-content>\n            mosquito stages is reported here. Gametocytogenesis of the\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">P. falciparum<\/jats:named-content>\n            strain 3D7 was induced\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            , and gametocytes at stage II and III or stage IV and V of development were treated for different lengths of time with the ionophores and their viability measured with the parasite lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) assay. The monovalent ionophores efficiently killed both asexual parasites and gametocytes with a nanomolar 50% inhibitory concentration (IC\n            <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n            ). Salinomycin showed a fast speed of kill compared to that of standard drugs, and the potency was higher on stage IV and V than on stage II and III gametocytes. The ionophores inhibited ookinete development and subsequent oocyst formation in the mosquito midgut, confirming their transmission-blocking activity. Potential toxicity due to hemolysis was excluded, since only infected and not normal erythrocytes were damaged by ionophores. Our data strongly support the downstream exploration of monovalent ionophores for repositioning as new antimalarial and transmission-blocking leads.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.04332-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,10]],"date-time":"2015-06-10T19:10:15Z","timestamp":1433963415000},"page":"5135-5144","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Salinomycin and Other Ionophores as a New Class of Antimalarial Drugs with Transmission-Blocking Activity"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"D'Alessandro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yolanda","family":"Corbett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise P.","family":"Ilboudo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Misiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nisha","family":"Dahiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scuola di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Universit\u00e0 di Camerino, Camerino, Macerata, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Solomon M.","family":"Abay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scuola di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Universit\u00e0 di Camerino, Camerino, Macerata, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Habluetzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scuola di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Universit\u00e0 di Camerino, Camerino, Macerata, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romualdo","family":"Grande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"L. Sacco University Hospital, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria R.","family":"Gismondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"L. Sacco University Hospital, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koen J.","family":"Dechering","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TropIQ Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin M. J.","family":"Koolen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TropIQ Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert W.","family":"Sauerwein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donatella","family":"Taramelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicoletta","family":"Basilico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Parapini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","volume-title":"World malaria report","author":"WHO","year":"2013","unstructured":"WHO. 2013. World malaria report. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. http:\/\/www.who.int\/malaria\/publications\/world_malaria_report_2013\/wmr2013_no_profiles.pdf?ua=1."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60024-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0808859"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60656-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182013000826"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-12-187"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2007.05904.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-13-143"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.9.4.655"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2011.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i21.2640"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-13-0625"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950658","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/950658","article-title":"Salinomycin as a drug for targeting human cancer stem cells","volume":"2012","author":"Naujokat C","year":"2012","unstructured":"Naujokat C, Steinhart R. 2012. Salinomycin as a drug for targeting human cancer stem cells. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012:950658.","journal-title":"J Biomed Biotechnol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.3.523"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3743","DOI":"10.1038\/srep03743","article-title":"Chemical signatures and new drug targets for gametocytocidal drug development","volume":"4","author":"Sun W","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sun W, Tanaka TQ, Magle CT, Huang W, Southall N, Huang R, Dehdashti SJ, McKew JC, Williamson KC, Zheng W. 2014. Chemical signatures and new drug targets for gametocytocidal drug development. Sci Rep 4:3743.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"PL309-PL315","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(96)00514-0","article-title":"Carboxylic ionophores in malaria chemotherapy: the effects of monensin and nigericin on Plasmodium falciparum in vitro and Plasmodium vinckei petteri in vivo","volume":"59","author":"Adovelande J","year":"1996","unstructured":"Adovelande J, Schr\u00e9vel J. 1996. Carboxylic ionophores in malaria chemotherapy: the effects of monensin and nigericin on Plasmodium falciparum in vitro and Plasmodium vinckei petteri in vivo. Life Sci 59:PL309-PL315.","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/0022-3395(2005)091[0484:HMPICC]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.17.9389"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2008.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkt165"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1993.48.739"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12613748"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2007.08.084"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","volume-title":"Protection of animals used for experimental and other scientific purposes. Decreto legislativo 4 marzo 2014, no. 26","author":"Gazzetta Ufficiale","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gazzetta Ufficiale. 2014. Protection of animals used for experimental and other scientific purposes. Decreto legislativo 4 marzo 2014, no. 26. Gazzetta Ufficiale, Rome, Italy. http:\/\/www.gazzettaufficiale.it\/eli\/id\/2014\/03\/14\/14G00036\/sg. (In Italian.)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","volume-title":"Directive 2010\/63\/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2010 on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes","author":"European Parliament and Council","year":"2010","unstructured":"European Parliament and Council. 2010. Directive 2010\/63\/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2010 on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes. European Parliament and Council, Brussels, Belgium. http:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=celex:32010L0063."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2012.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu271"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4155\/fmc.12.188"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dki470"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1205216"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.40.3.602"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1118370109"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2010.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-78","article-title":"Trypanocidal activity of salinomycin is due to sodium influx followed by cell swelling","volume":"6","author":"Steverding D","year":"2013","unstructured":"Steverding D, Sexton DW. 2013. Trypanocidal activity of salinomycin is due to sodium influx followed by cell swelling. Parasit Vectors 6:78.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00029-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01092-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.06.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.2174\/1871520615666150101130209","article-title":"Anticancer activity of polyether ionophone-salinomycin","volume":"15","author":"Antoszczak M","year":"2015","unstructured":"Antoszczak M, Huczy\u0144ski A. 2015. Anticancer activity of polyether ionophone-salinomycin. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 15:575\u2013591.","journal-title":"Anticancer Agents Med Chem"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2013.223"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-4598-13-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0044132"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1110431108"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.26743"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0042107"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1112037108"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2010.03.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-11-34"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01472-05"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.06377-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177ra137","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3005029","article-title":"Quinolone-3-diarylethers: a new class of antimalarial drug","volume":"5","author":"Nilsen A","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nilsen A, LaCrue AN, White KL, Forquer IP, Cross RM, Marfurt J, Mather MW, Delves MJ, Shackleford DM, Saenz FE, Morrisey JM, Steuten J, Mutka T, Li Y, Wirjanata G, Ryan E, Duffy S, Kelly JX, Sebayang BF, Zeeman AM, Noviyanti R, Sinden RE, Kocken CH, Price RN, Avery VM, Angulo-Barturen I, Jim\u00e9nez-D\u00edaz MB, Ferrer S, Herreros E, Sanz LM, Gamo FJ, Bathurst I, Burrows JN, Siegl P, Guy RK, Winter RW, Vaidya AB, Charman SA, Kyle DE, Manetsch R, Riscoe MK. 2013. Quinolone-3-diarylethers: a new class of antimalarial drug. Sci Transl Med 5:177ra137.","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02727-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-2036.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkv003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.12250"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jcis.1999.6432"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-08-2437"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00931146"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20131007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4061\/2010\/147142"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.d7423"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.230.12.1822"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2010.12.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","first-page":"U799","article-title":"A case of human poisoning by salinomycin, an agricultural antibiotic","volume":"117","author":"Story P","year":"2004","unstructured":"Story P, Doube A. 2004. A case of human poisoning by salinomycin, an agricultural antibiotic. N Z Med J 117:U799.","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X2001000400022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/15672050113109990199"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2014.02.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1166\/jbn.2012.1366","article-title":"Preparation and characterization of monensin loaded PLGA nanoparticles: in vitro anti-malarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"8","author":"Surolia R","year":"2012","unstructured":"Surolia R, Pachauri M, Ghosh PC. 2012. Preparation and characterization of monensin loaded PLGA nanoparticles: in vitro anti-malarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum. J Biomed Nanotechnol 8:172\u2013181.","journal-title":"J Biomed Nanotechnol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01041-07"}],"container-title":["Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.04332-14","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.04332-14","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T22:56:47Z","timestamp":1645484207000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AAC.04332-14"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AAC.04332-14"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.04332-14","relation":{},"ISSN":["0066-4804","1098-6596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0066-4804","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-6596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-09-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-05-21","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-08-14","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}