{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T17:58:44Z","timestamp":1792173524522,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]],"date-time":"2015-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1422748800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Although antibiotics treat bacteremia in inhalational anthrax, pathogenesis is mainly driven by bacterial exotoxins. Raxibacumab, an IgG1 monoclonal antibody, binds the protective antigen (PA) of\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Bacillus anthracis<\/jats:named-content>\n                    , thus blocking toxin effects and leading to improved survival in the rabbit and monkey models of inhalational anthrax. To assess raxibacumab's added benefit over levofloxacin (LVX) alone, rabbits surviving to 84 h after a challenge with 200 times the median (50%) lethal dose of\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">B. anthracis<\/jats:named-content>\n                    spores were randomized to receive 3 daily intragastric LVX doses of 50 mg\/kg of body weight, with the first LVX dose administered just prior to administration of a single intravenous dose of placebo or 40 mg\/kg raxibacumab. The percentages of animals alive at 28 days following the last LVX dose were compared between the 2 treatment groups using a two-sided likelihood-ratio chi-square test. The 82% survival rate for the LVX-raxibacumab combination was higher than the 65% survival rate for LVX alone (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.0874). There were nearly 2-fold fewer deaths for the combination (7 deaths;\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 39) than for LVX alone (13 deaths;\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 37), and the survival time was prolonged for the combination (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.1016). Toxin-neutralizing-activity titers were similar for both treatment groups, suggesting that survivors in both groups were able to mount a toxin-neutralizing immune response. Microscopic findings considered consistent with anthrax were present in animals that died or became moribund on study in both treatment groups, and there were no anthrax-related findings in animals that survived. Overall, raxibacumab provided a meaningful benefit over antibiotic alone when administered late in the disease course.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.04606-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,9]],"date-time":"2014-12-09T00:47:07Z","timestamp":1418086027000},"page":"1145-1151","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Added Benefit of Raxibacumab to Antibiotic Treatment of Inhalational Anthrax"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Thi-Sau","family":"Migone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Genome Sciences, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sally","family":"Bolmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Genome Sciences, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Genome Sciences, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Al","family":"Corey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Genome Sciences, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daphne","family":"Vasconcelos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Battelle Biomedical Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Buccellato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Battelle Biomedical Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Meister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Battelle Biomedical Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-144-4-200602210-00009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.17.2236"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0810.020353"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0706.010604"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199909093411107"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(02)03609-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/430708"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt0602-597"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","first-page":"691","article-title":"Pathology of experimental inhalation anthrax in the rhesus monkey","volume":"73","author":"Fritz DL","year":"1995","unstructured":"Fritz DL, Jaax NK, Lawrence WB, Davis KJ, Pitt ML, Ezzell JW, Friedlander AM. 1995. 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