{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T05:36:40Z","timestamp":1792647400297,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]],"date-time":"2015-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1433116800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n In the past, biofilm-related research has focused mainly on axenic biofilms. However, in nature, biofilms are often composed of multiple species, and the resulting polymicrobial interactions influence industrially and clinically relevant outcomes such as performance and drug resistance. In this study, we show that\n Escherichia coli<\/jats:named-content>\n does not affect\n Candida albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n tolerance to amphotericin or caspofungin in an\n E. coli\/C. albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n biofilm. In contrast, ofloxacin tolerance of\n E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n is significantly increased in a polymicrobial\n E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n \/\n C. albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n biofilm compared to its tolerance in an axenic\n E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n biofilm. The increased ofloxacin tolerance of\n E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n is mainly biofilm specific, as ofloxacin tolerance of\n E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n is less pronounced in polymicrobial\n E. coli\/C. albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n planktonic cultures. Moreover, we found that ofloxacin tolerance of\n E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n decreased significantly when\n E. coli\/C. albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n biofilms were treated with matrix-degrading enzymes such as the \u03b2-1,3-glucan-degrading enzyme lyticase. In line with a role for \u03b2-1,3-glucan in mediating ofloxacin tolerance of\n E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n in a biofilm, we found that ofloxacin tolerance of\n E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n increased even more in\n E. coli\/C. albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n biofilms consisting of a high-\u03b2-1,3-glucan-producing\n C. albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n mutant. In addition, exogenous addition of laminarin, a polysaccharide composed mainly of poly-\u03b2-1,3-glucan, to an\n E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n biofilm also resulted in increased ofloxacin tolerance. All these data indicate that \u03b2-1,3-glucan from\n C. albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n increases ofloxacin tolerance of\n E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n in an\n E. coli\/C. albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n biofilm.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.04650-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,10]],"date-time":"2015-03-10T02:03:07Z","timestamp":1425952987000},"page":"3052-3058","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["Fungal \u03b2-1,3-Glucan Increases Ofloxacin Tolerance of Escherichia coli in a Polymicrobial E. coli\/Candida albicans Biofilm"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Katrijn","family":"De Brucker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, CMPG, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yulong","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, CMPG, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katlijn","family":"Vints","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, CMPG, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaat","family":"De Cremer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, CMPG, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annabel","family":"Braem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Engineering, MTM, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Verstraeten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, CMPG, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Michiels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, CMPG, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jef","family":"Vleugels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Engineering, MTM, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno P. 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