{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T03:47:08Z","timestamp":1784692028957,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,1]],"date-time":"2015-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1430438400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Amphotericin B is a first-line agent for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis. However, relatively little is known about the pharmacodynamics of amphotericin B for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. We studied the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of amphotericin B deoxycholate (DAMB), amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC), and liposomal amphotericin B (LAMB) by using a neutropenic-rabbit model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. The study endpoints were lung weight, infarct score, and levels of circulating galactomannan and (1\u21923)-\u03b2-\n            <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n            -glucan. Mathematical models were used to describe PK-PD relationships. The experimental findings were bridged to humans by Monte Carlo simulation. Each amphotericin B formulation induced a dose-dependent decline in study endpoints. Near-maximal antifungal activity was evident with DAMB at 1 mg\/kg\/day and ABLC and LAMB at 5 mg\/kg\/day. The bridging study suggested that the \u201caverage\u201d patient receiving LAMB at 3 mg\/kg\/day was predicted to have complete suppression of galactomannan and (1\u21923)-\u03b2-\n            <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n            -glucan levels, but 20 to 30% of the patients still had a galactomannan index of &gt;1 and (1\u21923)-\u03b2-\n            <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n            -glucan levels of &gt;60 pg\/ml. All formulations of amphotericin B induce a dose-dependent reduction in markers of lung injury and circulating fungus-related biomarkers. A clinical dosage of liposomal amphotericin B of 3 mg\/kg\/day is predicted to cause complete suppression of galactomannan and (1\u21923)-\u03b2-\n            <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n            -glucan levels in the majority of patients.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.04723-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,26]],"date-time":"2015-02-26T13:04:11Z","timestamp":1424955851000},"page":"2735-2745","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Pharmacodynamics of Amphotericin B Deoxycholate, Amphotericin B Lipid Complex, and Liposomal Amphotericin B against Aspergillus fumigatus"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Zaid","family":"Al-Nakeeb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics and Therapeutics, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vidmantas","family":"Petraitis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanne","family":"Goodwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics and Therapeutics, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruta","family":"Petraitiene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA"},{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology &amp; Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William W.","family":"Hope","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics and Therapeutics, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2010.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/169.2.356"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/510535"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00673-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"467","article-title":"Chronic Silastic central venous catheterization for induction, maintenance, and support of persistent granulocytopenia in rabbits","volume":"38","author":"Walsh TJ","year":"1988","unstructured":"Walsh TJ, Bacher J, Pizzo PA. 1988. 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