{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T02:25:45Z","timestamp":1790821545558,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,1]],"date-time":"2015-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1425168000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Pexiganan, a 22-amino-acid synthetic cationic peptide, is currently in phase 3 clinical trials as a topical antimicrobial agent for the treatment of mild infections associated with diabetic foot ulcers. Bacterial isolates from the 2013 SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program designated as pathogens from diabetic foot infections (DFI) and Gram-negative and -positive pathogens from various infection types that harbored selected resistance mechanisms\/phenotypes were tested against pexiganan in reference cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth. The MIC\n 50<\/jats:sub>\n and MIC\n 90<\/jats:sub>\n against all organisms tested from DFI were 16 and 32 \u03bcg\/ml, respectively.\n Escherichia coli<\/jats:named-content>\n ,\n Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n ,\n Citrobacter koseri<\/jats:named-content>\n ,\n Enterobacter cloacae<\/jats:named-content>\n ,\n Acinetobacter<\/jats:named-content>\n species, and\n Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:named-content>\n MIC values ranged from 8 to 16 \u03bcg\/ml. Pexiganan MIC values among\n Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n (methicillin-resistant\n S. aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n [MRSA] and methicillin-susceptible\n S. aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n [MSSA]), beta-hemolytic streptococci, and\n Enterococcus faecium<\/jats:named-content>\n ranged from 8 to 32 \u03bcg\/ml. Pexiganan activity was not adversely affected for members of the family\n Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:named-content>\n or\n P. aeruginosa<\/jats:named-content>\n that produced \u03b2-lactamases or resistance mechanisms to other commonly used antimicrobial agents. Decreased susceptibility to vancomycin did not affect pexiganan activity against\n S. aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n or\n E. faecium<\/jats:named-content>\n .\n Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:named-content>\n appears to be intrinsically less susceptible to pexiganan (MIC, 32 to 256 \u03bcg\/ml). The \u201call organism\u201d MIC\n 90<\/jats:sub>\n of 32 \u03bcg\/ml for pexiganan in this study was >250-fold below the pexiganan concentration in the cream\/delivery vehicle being developed for topical use.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.04773-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,11]],"date-time":"2015-02-11T13:35:13Z","timestamp":1423661713000},"page":"1751-1754","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["In Vitro<\/i>\n Spectrum of Pexiganan Activity When Tested against Pathogens from Diabetic Foot Infections and with Selected Resistance Mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Robert K.","family":"Flamm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"JMI Laboratories, North Liberty, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul R.","family":"Rhomberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JMI Laboratories, North Liberty, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie M.","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JMI Laboratories, North Liberty, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Farrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JMI Laboratories, North Liberty, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helio S.","family":"Sader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JMI Laboratories, North Liberty, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald N.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JMI Laboratories, North Liberty, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)80051-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2911(08)60145-9","article-title":"Cationic bactericidal peptides","volume":"37","author":"Hancock RE","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hancock RE, Falla T, Brown M. 1995. Cationic bactericidal peptides. Adv Microb Physiol 37:135\u2013175.","journal-title":"Adv Microb Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.mi.49.100195.001425"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.13.040195.000425"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.64.3.709-713.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis346"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2009.03067.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S0732-8893(99)00056-5","article-title":"In vitro susceptibility to pexiganan of bacteria isolated from infected diabetic foot ulcers","volume":"35","author":"Ge Y","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ge Y, MacDonald D, Henry MM, Hait HI, Nelson KA, Lipsky BA, Zasloff MA, Holroyd KJ. 1999. In vitro susceptibility to pexiganan of bacteria isolated from infected diabetic foot ulcers. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 35:45\u201353.","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.43.4.782"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.5.1213"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","volume-title":"Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically; approved standard: ninth edition","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute","year":"2012","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. 2012. M07-A9. Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically; approved standard: ninth edition. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","volume-title":"Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing: 24th informational supplement","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute","year":"2014","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. 2014. M100-S24. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing: 24th informational supplement. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.32.19298"}],"container-title":["Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.04773-14","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.04773-14","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T17:50:01Z","timestamp":1645465801000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AAC.04773-14"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AAC.04773-14"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.04773-14","relation":{},"ISSN":["0066-4804","1098-6596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0066-4804","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-6596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-11-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-01-06","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-02-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}