{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T19:46:59Z","timestamp":1791316019619,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]],"date-time":"2015-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1433116800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Tenofovir (TFV) is eliminated by renal excretion, which is mediated through multidrug-resistant protein 2 (MRP2) and MRP4, encoded by\n            <jats:italic>ABCC2<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>ABCC4<\/jats:italic>\n            , respectively. Genetic polymorphisms of these transporters may affect the plasma concentrations of tenofovir. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of genetic and nongenetic factors on tenofovir plasma concentrations. A cross-sectional study was performed in Thai HIV-infected patients aged \u226518 years who had been receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate at 300 mg once daily for at least 6 months. A middose tenofovir plasma concentration was obtained. Multivariate analysis was performed to investigate whether there was an association between tenofovir plasma concentrations and demographic data, including age, sex, body weight, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), hepatitis B virus coinfection, hepatitis C virus coinfection, duration of tenofovir treatment, concomitant use of ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors, and polymorphisms of\n            <jats:italic>ABCC2<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>ABCC4<\/jats:italic>\n            . A total of 150 Thai HIV-infected patients were included. The mean age of the patients was 43.9 \u00b1 7.2 years. The mean tenofovir plasma concentration was 100.3 \u00b1 52.7 ng\/ml. In multivariate analysis, a low body weight, a low eGFR, the concomitant use of ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors, and the\n            <jats:italic>ABCC4<\/jats:italic>\n            4131T \u2192 G variation (genotype TG or GG) were independently associated with higher tenofovir plasma concentrations. After adjusting for weight, eGFR, and the concomitant use of ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors, a 30% increase in the mean tenofovir plasma concentration was observed in patients having the\n            <jats:italic>ABCC4<\/jats:italic>\n            4131 TG or GG genotype. Both genetic and nongenetic factors affect tenofovir plasma concentrations. These factors should be considered when adjusting tenofovir dosage regimens to ensure the efficacy and safety of a drug. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT01138241.)\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.04930-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,24]],"date-time":"2015-03-24T02:32:47Z","timestamp":1427164367000},"page":"3240-3245","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Influence of\n            <i>ABCC2<\/i>\n            and\n            <i>ABCC4<\/i>\n            Polymorphisms on Tenofovir Plasma Concentrations in Thai HIV-Infected Patients"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Kanokrat","family":"Rungtivasuwan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anchalee","family":"Avihingsanon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV-NAT, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narukjaporn","family":"Thammajaruk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV-NAT, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siwaporn","family":"Mitruk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Burger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiat","family":"Ruxrungtham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV-NAT, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baralee","family":"Punyawudho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thitima","family":"Pengsuparp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200443090-00003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/VAAT.S12708"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/pgs.09.115"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dku129"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31815e7478"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32833202e2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31827ce4ee"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.2.680-684.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.clpt.6100269"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/508546"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15s","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.9522","article-title":"Association of a genetic variant in the ABCC2 gene with high methotrexate plasma concentrations in pediatric malignancies","volume":"28","author":"Hagleitner MM","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hagleitner MM, Coenen MJ, Schrauwen M, Vermeulen SH, deBont ES, Hoogerbrugge P, TeLoo DM. 2010. Association of a genetic variant in the ABCC2 gene with high methotrexate plasma concentrations in pediatric malignancies. 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Interactions of HIV protease inhibitors with ATP-dependent drug export proteins. 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