{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T07:20:27Z","timestamp":1784618427717,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]],"date-time":"2015-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427846400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Dithiocarbamates have emerged as potent carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitors in recent years. Given that CAs are important players in cellular metabolism, the objective of this work was to exploit the CA-inhibitory property of dithiocarbamates as a chemotherapeutic weapon against the\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Leishmania<\/jats:named-content>\n            parasite. We report here strong antileishmanial activity of three hitherto unexplored metal dithiocarbamates, maneb, zineb, and propineb. They inhibited CA activity in\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Leishmania major<\/jats:named-content>\n            promastigotes at submicromolar concentrations and resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of parasite growth. Treatment with maneb, zineb, and propineb caused morphological deformities of the parasite and\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Leishmania<\/jats:named-content>\n            cell death with 50% lethal dose (LD\n            <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n            ) values of 0.56 \u03bcM, 0.61 \u03bcM, and 0.27 \u03bcM, respectively. These compounds were even more effective against parasites growing in acidic medium, in which their LD\n            <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n            values were severalfold lower. Intracellular acidosis leading to apoptotic and necrotic death of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">L. major<\/jats:named-content>\n            promastigotes was found to be the basis of their leishmanicidal activity. Maneb, zineb, and propineb also efficiently reduced the intracellular parasite burden, suggesting that amastigote forms of the parasite are also susceptible to these metal dithiocarbamates. Interestingly, mammalian cells were unaffected by these compounds even at concentrations which are severalfold higher than their antileishmanial LD\n            <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n            s). Our data thus establish maneb, zineb, and propineb as a new class of antileishmanial compounds having broad therapeutic indices.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.05146-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,27]],"date-time":"2015-01-27T02:49:35Z","timestamp":1422326975000},"page":"2144-2152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Identification of Metal Dithiocarbamates as a Novel Class of Antileishmanial Agents"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Dhiman Sankar","family":"Pal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dipon Kumar","family":"Mondal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rupak","family":"Datta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035671"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.03.068"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.46841-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1995-7645(12)60084-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","first-page":"733","article-title":"Miltefosine in the treatment of leishmaniasis: clinical evidence for informed clinical risk management","volume":"3","author":"Sundar S","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sundar S, Olliaro PL. 2007. 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