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However, the development of resistance to this drug in\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">C. albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n            biofilms is very common, especially in immunocompromised individuals. The upregulation of the sterol biosynthetic pathway gene\n            <jats:italic>ERG<\/jats:italic>\n            and the efflux pump genes\n            <jats:italic>CDR<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>MDR<\/jats:italic>\n            may contribute to this azole tolerance in\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Candida<\/jats:named-content>\n            species. We hypothesize that farnesol, an endogenous quorum sensing molecule with possible antimicrobial properties which is also the precursor of ergosterols in\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">C. albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n            , may interfere with the development of fluconazole resistance in\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">C. albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n            biofilms. To test this hypothesis, MICs were compared and morphology changes were observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) for farnesol-treated and -untreated and fluconazole-resistant groups. The expression of possible target genes (\n            <jats:italic>ERG11<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>ERG25<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>ERG6<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>ERG5<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>ERG3<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>ERG1<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>MDR1<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>CDR1<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>CDR2<\/jats:italic>\n            ) in biofilms was analyzed by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and quantitative PCR (qPCR) to investigate the molecular mechanisms of the inhibitory effects of farnesol. The results showed a decreased MIC of fluconazole and thinner biofilms for the farnesol-treated group, indicating that farnesol inhibited the development of fluconazole resistance. The sterol biosynthetic pathway may contribute to the inhibitory effects of farnesol, as the transcription levels of the\n            <jats:italic>ERG11<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>ERG25<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>ERG6<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>ERG3<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>ERG1<\/jats:italic>\n            genes decreased in the farnesol-treated group.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.05290-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,22]],"date-time":"2011-11-22T07:21:24Z","timestamp":1321946484000},"page":"770-775","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"title":["Possible Inhibitory Molecular Mechanism of Farnesol on the Development of Fluconazole Resistance in Candida albicans Biofilm"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Li-hua","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao-jun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuang-bo","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.00219-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.9.3291-3297.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.46569-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AndesD. 2004. 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