{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T08:45:15Z","timestamp":1791103515787,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]],"date-time":"2012-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1330560000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Chitin and \u03b2-glucan are major cell wall components of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Aspergillus<\/jats:named-content>\n            spp. We investigated the antifungal activity of chitin synthesis inhibitors nikkomycin Z, polyoxin D, flufenoxuron, lufenuron, and teflubenzuron, alone and combined with the \u03b2-glucan synthesis inhibitor caspofungin. Only nikkomycin Z and caspofungin were found to act synergistically. The nikkomycin Z-induced chitin decrease corresponded with a \u03b2-glucan increase, while with the caspofungin-induced \u03b2-glucan decrease, an increase in chitin was found. This could explain the synergistic activity of this combination of drugs.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.05323-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,28]],"date-time":"2011-12-28T03:39:59Z","timestamp":1325043599000},"page":"1595-1598","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Reshuffling of Aspergillus fumigatus Cell Wall Components Chitin and \u03b2-Glucan under the Influence of Caspofungin or Nikkomycin Z Alone or in Combination"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Patricia E. B.","family":"Verwer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology &amp; Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. L.","family":"van Duijn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology &amp; Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Tavakol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology &amp; Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irma A. J. M.","family":"Bakker-Woudenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology &amp; Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy W. J.","family":"van de Sande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology &amp; Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01160-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1042\/bj1640653","article-title":"Chitin biosynthesis in protoplasts and subcellular fractions of Aspergillus fumigatus","volume":"164","author":"Archer DB","year":"1977","unstructured":"ArcherDB. 1977. Chitin biosynthesis in protoplasts and subcellular fractions of Aspergillus fumigatus. Biochem. J. 164:3\u2013658.","journal-title":"Biochem. J"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.23.6.926"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0732-8893(02)00473-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.119.2.564-575.1974"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.35.1.170"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. 2008. Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi; approved standard M38-A2 second editionvol 28. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Wayne PA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01154-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2004.00996.x","article-title":"In-vitro activity of nikkomycin Z alone and in combination with polyenes, triazoles or echinocandins against Aspergillus fumigatus","volume":"10","author":"Ganesan LT","year":"2004","unstructured":"GanesanLT. 2004. In-vitro activity of nikkomycin Z alone and in combination with polyenes, triazoles or echinocandins against Aspergillus fumigatus. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 10:961\u2013966.","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2005.66.1090","article-title":"Comparison of susceptibility of fungal isolates to lufenuron and nikkomycin Z alone or in combination with itraconazole","volume":"66","author":"Hector RF","year":"2005","unstructured":"HectorRF DavidsonAP JohnsonSM. 2005. Comparison of susceptibility of fungal isolates to lufenuron and nikkomycin Z alone or in combination with itraconazole. Am. J. Vet. Res. 66:1090\u20131093.","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.12.5.987-992.1975"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.4.1452-1455.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00360-005-0005-3","article-title":"Insect chitin synthases: a review","volume":"176","author":"Merzendorfer H","year":"2006","unstructured":"MerzendorferH. 2006. Insect chitin synthases: a review. J. Comp. Physiol. B 176:1\u201315.","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol. B"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1997.2162"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00563-06","article-title":"Escape of Candida from caspofungin inhibition at concentrations above the MIC (paradoxical effect) accomplished by increased cell wall chitin; evidence for beta-1,6-glucan synthesis inhibition by caspofungin","volume":"50","author":"Stevens DA","year":"2006","unstructured":"StevensDA. 2006. Escape of Candida from caspofungin inhibition at concentrations above the MIC (paradoxical effect) accomplished by increased cell wall chitin; evidence for beta-1,6-glucan synthesis inhibition by caspofungin. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 50:60\u20133161.","journal-title":"Antimicrob. 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