{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T01:49:32Z","timestamp":1789868972444,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,1]],"date-time":"2012-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1335830400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    A total of 47 extended-spectrum-cephalosporin-resistant\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:named-content>\n                    strains isolated from stray dogs in 2006 and 2007 in the Republic of Korea were investigated using molecular methods. Extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC \u03b2-lactamase phenotypes were identified in 12 and 23\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n                    isolates, respectively. All 12 ESBL-producing isolates carried\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n                    genes. The most common CTX-M types were CTX-M-14 (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 5) and CTX-M-24 (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 3). Isolates producing CTX-M-3, CTX-M-55, CTX-M-27, and CTX-M-65 were also identified. Twenty-one of 23 AmpC \u03b2-lactamase-producing isolates were found to carry\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CMY-2<\/jats:sub>\n                    genes. TEM-1 was associated with CTX-M and CMY-2 \u03b2-lactamases in 4 and 15 isolates, respectively. In addition to\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>TEM-1<\/jats:sub>\n                    , two isolates carried\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>DHA-1<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and one of them cocarried\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CMY-2<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Both CTX-M and CMY-2 genes were located on large (40 to 170 kb) conjugative plasmids that contained the insertion sequence IS\n                    <jats:italic>Ecp1<\/jats:italic>\n                    upstream of the\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes. Only in the case of CTX-M genes was there an IS\n                    <jats:italic>903<\/jats:italic>\n                    sequence downstream of the gene. The spread of ESBLs and AmpC \u03b2-lactamases occurred via both horizontal gene transfer, accounting for much of the CTX-M gene dissemination, and clonal spread, accounting for CMY-2 gene dissemination. The horizontal dissemination of\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CMY-2<\/jats:sub>\n                    genes was mediated by IncF and IncI1-I\u03b3 plasmids, respectively. The clonal spread of\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CMY-2<\/jats:sub>\n                    was driven mainly by\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n                    strains of virulent phylogroup D lineage ST648. To our knowledge, this is the first report of\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>DHA-1<\/jats:sub>\n                    in\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n                    strains isolated from companion animals. This study also represents the first report of CMY-2 \u03b2-lactamase-producing\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n                    isolates from dogs in the Republic of Korea.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.05598-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,21]],"date-time":"2012-02-21T21:37:05Z","timestamp":1329860225000},"page":"2705-2712","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["Molecular Characterization of Extended-Spectrum-\u03b2-Lactamase-Producing and Plasmid-Mediated AmpC \u03b2-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Stray Dogs in South Korea"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Migma Dorji","family":"Tamang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacterial Disease Division, Animal, Plant, and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyang-Mi","family":"Nam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacterial Disease Division, Animal, Plant, and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geum-Chan","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacterial Disease Division, Animal, Plant, and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su-Ran","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacterial Disease Division, Animal, Plant, and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myung Hwa","family":"Chae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacterial Disease Division, Animal, Plant, and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suk-Chan","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacterial Disease Division, Animal, Plant, and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae-Won","family":"Byun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacterial Disease Division, Animal, Plant, and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong Ho","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacterial Disease Division, Animal, Plant, and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suk-Kyung","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacterial Disease Division, Animal, Plant, and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.3.3.403"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.4.1319-1322.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01650718"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1101.040257"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.2.833-835.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2005.03.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.66.10.4555-4558.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. 2010. 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