{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T01:01:38Z","timestamp":1783472498532,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]],"date-time":"2012-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1328054400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Vaginal microbicides may play an important role in protecting women from HIV infection. A strong synergy between HSV and HIV has been observed, and epidemiological studies demonstrate that HSV infection increases the risk of HIV acquisition. Incorporation of the antiretroviral tenofovir (TFV) along with the antiherpetic acyclovir (ACV) into combination intravaginal rings (IVRs) for sustained mucosal delivery of both compounds could lead to increased microbicide product adherence and efficacy compared with conventional vaginal formulations. A novel, dual-protection \u201cpod IVR\u201d platform developed in-house and delivering ACV and TFV was evaluated in rabbit and sheep models. The devices were safe and exhibited sustained release of both drugs independently and at controlled rates over the 28-day studies. Daily release rates were estimated based on residual drug content of the used devices: rabbits, 343 \u00b1 335 \u03bcg day\n            <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n            (ACV) and 321 \u00b1 207 \u03bcg day\n            <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n            (TFV); sheep, 174 \u00b1 14 \u03bcg day\n            <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n            (ACV) and 185 \u00b1 34 \u03bcg day\n            <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n            (TFV). Mean drug levels in sheep vaginal samples were as follows: secretions, 5.25 \u00b1 7.31 \u03bcg ml\n            <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n            (ACV) and 20.6 \u00b1 16.2 \u03bcg ml\n            <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n            (TFV); cervicovaginal lavage fluid, 118 \u00b1 113 ng ml\n            <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n            (ACV) and 191 \u00b1 125 ng ml\n            <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n            (TFV); tissue, 173 ng g\n            <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n            (ACV) and 93 ng g\n            <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n            (TFV). An\n            <jats:italic>in vitro-in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            correlation was established for both drugs and will allow the development of future formulations delivering target levels for prophylaxis and therapy. These data suggest that the IVR based on the pod design has potential in the prevention of transmission of HIV-1 and other sexually transmitted pathogens.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.05662-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,30]],"date-time":"2011-11-30T02:31:59Z","timestamp":1322620319000},"page":"875-882","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Simultaneous Delivery of Tenofovir and Acyclovir via an Intravaginal Ring"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"John A.","family":"Moss","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Oak Crest Institute of Science, Pasadena, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda M.","family":"Malone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Auritec Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Santa Monica, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Oak Crest Institute of Science, Pasadena, California, USA"},{"name":"Auritec Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Santa Monica, California, USA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Oak Crest Institute of Science, Pasadena, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Etana","family":"Kopin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Auritec Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Santa Monica, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cali","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Oak Crest Institute of Science, Pasadena, California, USA"},{"name":"Auritec Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Santa Monica, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josh","family":"Gilman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Auritec Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Santa Monica, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Butkyavichene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Auritec Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Santa Monica, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen L.","family":"Vincent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massoud","family":"Motamedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"Friend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CONRAD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, East Virginia Medical School, Arlington, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meredith R.","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CONRAD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, East Virginia Medical School, Arlington, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc M.","family":"Baum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Oak Crest Institute of Science, Pasadena, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"Reference deleted."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"1049","volume-title":"ACOG 2009 compendium","author":"American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists","year":"2000","unstructured":"American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. 2000. 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