{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T23:01:44Z","timestamp":1791414104474,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,1]],"date-time":"2012-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1333238400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The aim of this study was to determine the potential application of\n            <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n            -chlorotaurine (NCT),\n            <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n            -dichloro-2,2-dimethyltaurine (NVC-422), and\n            <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n            -monochloro-2,2-dimethyltaurine (NVC-612) as catheter lock solutions for the prevention of catheter blockage and catheter-related bloodstream infections by testing their anticoagulant and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities in human blood. NCT, NVC-422, NVC-612, and control compounds were serially diluted in fresh human blood to evaluate the effects on prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, fibrinogen, and direct thrombin inhibition. Quantitative killing assays against pathogens, including methicillin-resistant\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n            ,\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            , and\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Candida albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n            , were performed in the presence of heparin and human blood. NCT and NVC-612 (1.38 mM each) and 1.02 mM NVC-422 prolonged prothrombin time (Quick value, 17 to 30%), activated partial thromboplastin time 3- to 4-fold to 76 to 125 s, and thrombin time 2- to 4-fold to 34 to 68 s. Fibrinogen decreased from 258 to 283 mg\/dl (range of controls) to &lt;40 mg\/dl. No direct thrombin inhibition was observed by NVC-422 or NVC-612. Heparin did not influence the bactericidal activity of NCT. The microbicidal activities of NCT, NVC-422, and NVC-612 were maintained in diluted human blood. NCT, NVC-612, and NVC-422 have broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity in blood and anticoagulant activity targeting both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of the coagulation system. These properties support their application as catheter lock solutions.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.05685-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,18]],"date-time":"2012-01-18T05:13:08Z","timestamp":1326863588000},"page":"1979-1984","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Antimicrobial and Anticoagulant Activities of\n            <i>N<\/i>\n            -Chlorotaurine,\n            <i>N<\/i>\n            ,\n            <i>N<\/i>\n            -Dichloro-2,2-Dimethyltaurine, and\n            <i>N<\/i>\n            -Monochloro-2,2-Dimethyltaurine in Human Blood"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Martini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Social Medicine, Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Hammerer-Lercher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnosis, University Clinics Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Zuck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Emeryville, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Jekle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Emeryville, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Debabov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Emeryville, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Emeryville, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Nagl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Social Medicine, Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.2010.19.2.46289","article-title":"Prevention of central venous catheter-related infection: update","volume":"19","author":"Casey AL","year":"2010","unstructured":"CaseyAL ElliottTS. 2010. 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