{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T21:20:19Z","timestamp":1791408019129,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]],"date-time":"2012-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1330560000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            A total of 299 nares and 194 blood isolates of methicillin-resistant\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n            (MRSA), each recovered from a unique patient, were collected from 23 U.S. hospitals from May 2009 to March 2010. All isolates underwent\n            <jats:italic>spa<\/jats:italic>\n            and staphylococcal cassette chromosome\n            <jats:italic>mec<\/jats:italic>\n            element (SCC\n            <jats:italic>mec<\/jats:italic>\n            ) typing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing; a subset of 84 isolates was typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) using SmaI. Seventy-six\n            <jats:italic>spa<\/jats:italic>\n            types were observed among the isolates. Overall, for nasal isolates,\n            <jats:italic>spa<\/jats:italic>\n            type t002-SCC\n            <jats:italic>mec<\/jats:italic>\n            type II (USA100) was the most common strain type (37% of isolates), while among blood isolates,\n            <jats:italic>spa<\/jats:italic>\n            type t008-SCC\n            <jats:italic>mec<\/jats:italic>\n            type IV (USA300) was the most common (39%). However, the proportion of all USA100 and USA300 isolates varied by United States census region. Nasal isolates were more resistant to tobramycin and clindamycin than blood isolates (55.9% and 48.8% of isolates versus 36.6% and 39.7%, respectively; for both,\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.05). The USA300 isolates were largely resistant to fluoroquinolones. High-level mupirocin resistance was low among all\n            <jats:italic>spa<\/jats:italic>\n            types (&lt;5%). SCC\n            <jats:italic>mec<\/jats:italic>\n            types III and VIII, which are rare in the United States, were observed along with several unusual PFGE types, including CMRSA9, EMRSA15, and the PFGE profile associated with sequence type 239 (ST239) isolates. Typing data from this convenience sample suggest that in U.S. hospitalized patients, USA100 isolates of multiple\n            <jats:italic>spa<\/jats:italic>\n            types, while still common in the nares, have been replaced by USA300 isolates as the predominant MRSA strain type in positive blood cultures.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.05804-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,13]],"date-time":"2011-12-13T00:21:18Z","timestamp":1323735678000},"page":"1324-1330","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":102,"title":["Characterization of Nasal and Blood Culture Isolates of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Patients in United States Hospitals"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Fred C.","family":"Tenover","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cepheid, Sunnyvale, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabella A.","family":"Tickler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cepheid, Sunnyvale, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard V.","family":"Goering","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barry N.","family":"Kreiswirth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Public Health Research Institute, Newark, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 R.","family":"Mediavilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Public Health Research Institute, Newark, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David H.","family":"Persing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cepheid, Sunnyvale, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the MRSA Consortium","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s100960050222"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc0804021"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","first-page":"390","volume-title":"Manual of clinical microbiology","author":"Bannerman TL","year":"2007","unstructured":"BannermanTL PeacockSJ. 2007. Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, and other catalase-positive cocci, p 390\u2013411. In MurrayPR BaronEJ JorgensenJH LandryML PfallerMA (ed), Manual of clinical microbiology, 9th ed. ASM Press, Washington, DC.","edition":"9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1089\/cmb.1997.4.351","article-title":"Sequence alignment with tandem duplication","volume":"4","author":"Benson G","year":"1997","unstructured":"BensonG. 1997. Sequence alignment with tandem duplication. J. Comput. Biol. 4:351\u2013367.","journal-title":"J. Comput. 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