{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:30:19Z","timestamp":1787016619460,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,1]],"date-time":"2012-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1335830400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    For drug-compliant patients, poor responses to tuberculosis (TB) treatment might be attributable to subtherapeutic drug concentrations. An impaired absorption of rifampin was previously reported for patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) or HIV. The objectives of this study were to determine whether TB drug pharmacokinetics differed in Peruvian TB patients with DM or HIV. In this cross-sectional study, TB patients, recruited from health centers in Lima, Peru, had blood samples taken at 2 and 6 h after directly observed TB drug ingestion, to determine plasma concentrations of rifampin. Of 105 patients, 50 had TB without a comorbidity, 26 had coexistent DM, and 29 had coexistent HIV. Unexpectedly, the overall median 2- and 6-h levels of rifampin were 1.6 and 3.2 mg\/liter, respectively, and the time to the peak concentration was 6 h (slow absorber) instead of 2 h (fast absorber) for 61 patients (62.2%). The geometric mean peak concentration of drug in serum (\n                    <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) was significantly higher in fast absorbers than in slow absorbers (5.0 versus 3.8 mg\/liter;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.05). The rifampin\n                    <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                    was significantly lower in male patients than in female patients (3.3 versus 6.3 mg\/liter;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001). Neither slow nor fast absorbers with comorbidities (DM or HIV) had significantly different\n                    <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                    results compared to those of TB patients without comorbidities. An analysis of variance regression analysis showed that female gender (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001) and the time to maximum concentration of drug in serum (\n                    <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) at 2 h (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.012) were independently correlated with increased exposure to rifampin. Most of this Peruvian study population exhibited rifampin pharmacokinetics different from those conventionally reported, with delayed absorption and low plasma concentrations, independent of the presence of an HIV or DM comorbidity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.06059-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,13]],"date-time":"2012-02-13T23:11:22Z","timestamp":1329174682000},"page":"2357-2363","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Pharmacokinetics of Rifampin in Peruvian Tuberculosis Patients with and without Comorbid Diabetes or HIV"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Ana","family":"Requena-M\u00e9ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Investigaci\u00f3n de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru"},{"name":"Barcelona Centre for International Health Research, CRESIB, Hospital Clinic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geraint","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison","family":"Ardrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oswaldo","family":"Jave","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Estrategia Sanitaria Nacional de Prevenci\u00f3n y Control de la Tuberculosis, Ministry of Health, Lima, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia L.","family":"L\u00f3pez-Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Investigaci\u00f3n de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen A.","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A. 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