{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T19:21:57Z","timestamp":1785352917483,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,1]],"date-time":"2012-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1335830400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Cryptococcus gattii<\/jats:named-content>\n            is the main pathogen of cryptococcosis in healthy patients and is treated mainly with fluconazole and amphotericin B. The combination of these drugs has been questioned because the mechanisms of action could lead to a theoretical antagonistic interaction. We evaluated distinct parameters involved in the\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            combination of fluconazole and amphotericin B against\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Cryptococcus gattii<\/jats:named-content>\n            . Fourteen strains of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">C. gattii<\/jats:named-content>\n            were used for the determination of MIC, fractional inhibitory concentration, time-kill curve, and postantifungal effect (PAFE). Ergosterol quantification was performed to evaluate the influence of ergosterol content on the interaction between these antifungals. Interaction between the drugs varied from synergistic to antagonistic depending on the strain and concentration tested. Increasing fluconazole levels were correlated with an antagonistic interaction. A total of 48 h was necessary for reducing the fungal viability in the presence of fluconazole, while 12 h were required for amphotericin B. When these antifungals were tested in combination, fluconazole impaired the amphotericin B activity. The ergosterol content decreased with the increase of fluconazole levels and it was correlated with the lower activity of amphotericin B. The PAFE found varied from 1 to 4 h for fluconazole and from 1 to 3 h for amphotericin B. The interaction of fluconazole and amphotericin B was concentration-dependent and special attention should be directed when these drugs are used in combination against\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">C. gattii<\/jats:named-content>\n            .\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.06098-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,31]],"date-time":"2012-01-31T07:59:10Z","timestamp":1327996750000},"page":"2553-2558","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Dynamic Interaction between Fluconazole and Amphotericin B against Cryptococcus gattii"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Julliana Ribeiro Alves","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludmila Ferreira","family":"Gouveia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika Linzi Silva","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Aparecida","family":"Resende-Stoianoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerson Ant\u00f4nio","family":"Pianetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Produtos Farmac\u00eauticos, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabela Costa","family":"C\u00e9sar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Produtos Farmac\u00eauticos, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel Assis","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.10.3332-3337.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.9.2435-2441.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.05.009","article-title":"Cryptococcus gattii: an emerging fungal pathogen infecting humans and animals","volume":"13","author":"Byrnes EJ","year":"2011","unstructured":"ByrnesEJIII BartlettKH PerfectJR HeitmanJ. 2011. Cryptococcus gattii: an emerging fungal pathogen infecting humans and animals. Microbes Infect. 13:1\u201313.","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"69","article-title":"Fluconazole resistance in Candida albicans: a review of mechanism","volume":"8","author":"Casalinuovo IA","year":"2004","unstructured":"CasalinuovoIA Di FrancescoP GaraciE. 2004. Fluconazole resistance in Candida albicans: a review of mechanism. Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci. 8:69\u201377.","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2010.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","volume-title":"Approved standard M27-A3","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute","year":"2008","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. 2008. Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts. Approved standard M27-A3, 3rd ed. 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