{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T17:49:18Z","timestamp":1791308958147,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]],"date-time":"2012-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1330560000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Previous studies have shown that the MpeR transcriptional regulator produced by\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:named-content>\n            represses the expression of\n            <jats:italic>mtrF<\/jats:italic>\n            , which encodes a putative inner membrane protein (MtrF). MtrF works as an accessory protein with the Mtr efflux pump, helping gonococci to resist high levels of diverse hydrophobic antimicrobials. Regulation of\n            <jats:italic>mpeR<\/jats:italic>\n            has been reported to occur by an iron-dependent mechanism involving Fur (ferric uptake regulator). Collectively, these observations suggest the presence of an interconnected regulatory system in gonococci that modulates the expression of efflux pump protein-encoding genes in an iron-responsive manner. Herein, we describe this connection and report that levels of gonococcal resistance to a substrate of the\n            <jats:italic>mtrCDE<\/jats:italic>\n            -encoded efflux pump can be modulated by MpeR and the availability of free iron. Using microarray analysis, we found that the\n            <jats:italic>mtrR<\/jats:italic>\n            gene, which encodes a direct repressor (MtrR) of\n            <jats:italic>mtrCDE<\/jats:italic>\n            , is an MpeR-repressed determinant in the late logarithmic phase of growth when free iron levels would be reduced due to bacterial consumption. This repression was enhanced under conditions of iron limitation and resulted in increased expression of the\n            <jats:italic>mtrCDE<\/jats:italic>\n            efflux pump operon. Furthermore, as judged by DNA-binding analysis, MpeR-mediated repression of\n            <jats:italic>mtrR<\/jats:italic>\n            was direct. Collectively, our results indicate that both genetic and physiologic parameters (e.g., iron availability) can influence the expression of the\n            <jats:italic>mtr<\/jats:italic>\n            efflux system and modulate levels of gonococcal susceptibility to efflux pump substrates.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.06112-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,4]],"date-time":"2012-01-04T07:55:10Z","timestamp":1325663710000},"page":"1491-1501","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["MpeR Regulates the\n            <i>mtr<\/i>\n            Efflux Locus in Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Modulates Antimicrobial Resistance by an Iron-Responsive Mechanism"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Alexandra Dubon","family":"Mercante","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lydgia","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul J. T.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginia A.","family":"Stringer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David W.","family":"Dyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William M.","family":"Shafer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"},{"name":"Laboratories of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.54.3.710-713.1986"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.181.9.2895-2901.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2009.00177.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)02190-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2011.00117"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-002-0204-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e318214e306","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistant gonorrhea in Atlanta: 1988\u20132006","volume":"38","author":"Dionne-Odom J","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dionne-OdomJ TambeP YeeE WeinstockH Del RioC. 2011. Antimicrobial resistant gonorrhea in Atlanta: 1988\u20132006. Sex. Transm. Dis. 38:780\u2013782.","journal-title":"Sex. Transm. Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.187.14.4865-4874.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.048033-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00286-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01165-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.187.11.3713-3720.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02173639"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1099\/13500872-141-3-611","article-title":"Resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to antimicrobial hydrophobic agents is modulated by the mtrRCDE efflux system","volume":"141","author":"Hagman KE","year":"1995","unstructured":"HagmanKE. 1995. Resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to antimicrobial hydrophobic agents is modulated by the mtrRCDE efflux system. Microbiology 141(Pt 3):611\u2013622.","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.177.14.4162-4165.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.05806-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)90003-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.8.3185-3187.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00741-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.10.5576-5582.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.185.24.7145-7152.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1999.01530.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2010.042648"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.179.13.4123-4128.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200101050-00015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.175.18.5899-5906.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1994.tb00354.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.25.6.767"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.4.1829"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(95)00605-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.187.4.1276-1286.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03204.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.124.2.740-749.1975"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkg031","article-title":"Identification of a cell envelope protein (MtrF) involved in hydrophobic antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae","volume":"51","author":"Veal WL","year":"2003","unstructured":"VealWL ShaferWM. 2003. Identification of a cell envelope protein (MtrF) involved in hydrophobic antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 51:27\u201337.","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19315","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.14.34.19315-en","article-title":"Increase in reported gonorrhoea cases in Sweden, 2001\u20132008","volume":"14","author":"Velicko I","year":"2009","unstructured":"VelickoI UnemoM. 2009. Increase in reported gonorrhoea cases in Sweden, 2001\u20132008. Euro Surveill. 14:19315.","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/522964"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2008.06424.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2006","volume":"55","author":"Workowski KA","year":"2006","unstructured":"WorkowskiKA BermanSM. 2006. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2006. MMWR Recommend. Rep. 55:1\u201394.","journal-title":"MMWR Recommend. Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-148-8-200804150-00005"}],"container-title":["Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.06112-11","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.06112-11","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T22:11:43Z","timestamp":1645481503000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AAC.06112-11"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AAC.06112-11"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.06112-11","relation":{},"ISSN":["0066-4804","1098-6596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0066-4804","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-6596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2011-11-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2011-12-23","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2012-02-14","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}