{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T12:53:06Z","timestamp":1772801586889,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]],"date-time":"2012-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1338508800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n The reevaluation of \u201cforgotten\u201d antibiotics can identify new therapeutic options against extensively drug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens. We sought to investigate isepamicin in this regard. We retrospectively evaluated the antimicrobial susceptibility to isepamicin of\n Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:named-content>\n sp. isolates from unique patients, collected at the microbiological laboratory of the University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece, from 2004 to 2009. Susceptibility testing was done with the automated Vitek 2 system. The breakpoints for susceptibility to isepamicin, tigecycline, and other antibiotics were those proposed by the Comit\u00e9 de l'Antibiogramme de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Fran\u00e7aise de Microbiologie (CA-SFM), the FDA, and the CLSI, respectively. A total of 6,296 isolates were studied, including primarily 3,401 (54.0%)\n Escherichia coli<\/jats:named-content>\n , 1,040 (16.5%)\n Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n , 590 (9.4%)\n Proteus mirabilis<\/jats:named-content>\n , and 460 (7.3%)\n Enterobacter<\/jats:named-content>\n sp. isolates. Excluding the species with intrinsic resistance to each antibiotic, antimicrobial susceptibility was highest for colistin (5,275\/5,441 isolates [96.9%]) and isepamicin (6,103\/6,296 [96.9%]), followed by meropenem (5,890\/6,296 [93.6%]), imipenem (5,874\/6,296 [93.3%]), and amikacin (5,492\/6,296 [87.2%]). The antimicrobial susceptibility of the 1,040\n K. pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n isolates was highest for isepamicin (95.3%), followed by colistin (89.3%) and meropenem (63.0%). Regarding resistant\n K. pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n isolates, susceptibility to isepamicin was observed for 91.1% of the 392, 87.7% of the 375, and 85.6% of the 111 isolates that were nonsusceptible to the carbapenems, all other aminoglycosides, and colistin, respectively. Isepamicin exhibited high\n in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n activity against almost all of the\n Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:named-content>\n species. It could particularly serve as a last-resort therapeutic option for carbapenem-resistant\n K. pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n in our region, where it is endemic, as it does not show considerable cross-resistance with other aminoglycosides.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.06358-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,6]],"date-time":"2012-03-06T05:49:51Z","timestamp":1331012991000},"page":"3067-3073","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["In Vitro<\/i>\n Antimicrobial Susceptibility to Isepamicin of 6,296 Enterobacteriaceae Clinical Isolates Collected at a Tertiary Care University Hospital in Greece"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Sofia","family":"Maraki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Samonis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Drosos E.","family":"Karageorgopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfa Institute of Biomedical Sciences (AIBS), Marousi, Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Hygeia Hospital, Marousi, Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Hellenic Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Marousi, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael N.","family":"Mavros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfa Institute of Biomedical Sciences (AIBS), Marousi, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diamantis","family":"Kofteridis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew E.","family":"Falagas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfa Institute of Biomedical Sciences (AIBS), Marousi, Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Henry Dunant Hospital, Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.18.4.616"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.4155\/cli.10.31","article-title":"Development of antibiotics for Gram-negatives: where now?","volume":"1","author":"Bassetti M","year":"2011","unstructured":"BassettiM GinocchioF GiacobbeDR MikulskaM. 2011. Development of antibiotics for Gram-negatives: where now? Clin. Invest. 1:211\u2013227.","journal-title":"Clin. Invest."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","unstructured":"BonnetR. 2010. Comit\u00e9 de l'Antibiogramme de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Fran\u00e7aise de Microbiologie. Recommandations 2010. Edition de Janvier 2010. Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Fran\u00e7aise de Microbiologie Paris France. www.sfm-microbiologie.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/595011"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","first-page":"79","article-title":"Overview of the efficacy of isepamicin in the adult core clinical trial programme","volume":"7","author":"Carbon C","year":"1995","unstructured":"CarbonC. 1995. Overview of the efficacy of isepamicin in the adult core clinical trial programme. J. Chemother. 7(Suppl 2):79\u201385.","journal-title":"J. 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